隐性超期刑事拘留问题及其立法探究

　　中文摘要。

　　刑事拘留制度，是我国刑事司法程序中一项重要的审前羁押制度，在打击犯罪、维护社会稳定等方面发挥了重要的作用。但在我国刑事司法活动的实践中，刑事拘留制度也暴露出了诸多侵害犯罪嫌疑人人权的问题，本文所讨论的“隐性超期刑事拘留”就是其中比较普遍的一个。

　　本文在第一部分中，通过对调研结果的分析，总结了实践中隐性超期刑事拘留措施的几种表现，如公安机关未合理使用刑事拘留制度，滥用行政拘留代替刑事拘留等。公安机关通过这些方式规避法律规定，“隐性地”对犯罪嫌疑人采取不当的审前羁押，既严重侵害了犯罪嫌疑人的合法权益，又破坏了法律的权威性。

　　本文在第二部分分析了造成这种现象的原因。首先是刑事拘留制度的非司法性，即刑事拘留作为限制犯罪嫌疑人人身自由的审前羁押措施，其决定实施权被刑事诉讼法授予了侧重于行政职能的公安机关，而检察机关、审判机关对其缺少审查权能，使刑事拘留权成为“不受监督的权力”.其次是刑事诉讼法关于刑事拘留制度的规定太过简略，对关键问题缺少规制，如对刑事拘留措施的定位不明确、刑事拘留期限规定不当等，这就给了公安机关过大的自由裁量权，给了公安机关滥用权力的的空间。最后是我国“一事不二罚”原则存在部门法局限性，没有能够实现保护公民免受“双重危险”的目的。

　　本文在第三部分针对以上问题提出了立法建议。首先，本文认为在当前中国司法体制环境下，不宜立即彻底改变刑事拘留制度的“非司法性”,而应当采取“渐进式”改革思路，在保留公安机关的刑事拘留权的前提下，一方面细化公安机关刑事拘留权的行使条件和期限规定，限缩公安机关的自由裁量空间；另一方面将刑事拘留措施纳入我国的审前羁押必要性审查制度中，建立以检察机关侦查监督部门为主体的审查监督机制。其次，根据我国司法体制的现实状况，建立轻罪禁止重复追诉的原则以及行政拘留期限折抵刑事拘留期限的制度，从而有效地缓解公安机关滥用行政拘留代替刑事拘留从而造成对犯罪嫌疑人的隐性超期刑事拘留的问题。

　　关键词：刑事拘留 超期羁押 非司法性 警察权。

　　Abstract.

　　Criminal detention system, our criminal justice process is an important pre-trialdetention system in the fight against crime, maintaining social stability played animportant role. But in practice in our criminal justice activities, criminal detentionsystem also exposed a lot of violations of human rights of criminal suspects, whichdiscussed herein “hidden extended criminal detention” is one of the more common one.

　　In the first part of this article, through the analysis of the results of the survey aresummarized in practice recessive extended criminal detention of several performancemeasures, such as public security authorities detained the criminal system is not fair use,take the abuse of administrative detention instead of criminal detention. Public securityauthorities to circumvent the law by these means, “implicitly” the suspect before takingimproper trial detention, both serious violations of the legitimate rights and interests ofcriminal suspects, but also undermine the legal authority.

　　In the second part of this article analyzes the reasons for this phenomenon. The first isthe non-judicial criminal detention system, namely criminal detention as a measure ofpre-trial detention of criminal suspects limit personal freedom, it decided to implementthe Code of Criminal Procedure has been granted the right to focus on theadministrative functions of the public security organs, procurate and judicial organsreview of its lack of power, so that the right to become a criminal detention “withoutoversight authority.” Followed by the Criminal Procedure Law regarding criminaldetention system is too simple, the lack of regulation on key issues, such as thedetention of criminal measures positioning is not clear, the criminal provisions ofimproper detention period, which gives the public security organs too much discretion ,gave the abuse of power space public security organs. Finally, China's “regarding Fujipenalty” principle Sector Act limitations exist, have not been able to achieve the citizens“against Repeated Prosecution” purposes.

　　In the third section of this article for the issues raised above legislative proposals. First,we believe that under the current Chinese judicial system environment, not immediatelyrevolutionized criminal detention system “non-judicial” and should adopt a “gradual”reform ideas in criminal rights reserved detained by the police under the premise, on theone hand refine the public security organs to exercise the right to criminal detentionconditions and deadlines, limited space shrinking discretionary public security organs;hand detention of criminal measures included the need to review the system of pre-trialdetention in our country, to establish the prosecution for investigation and supervisiondepartment oversight mechanism to review the subject. Secondly, according to therealities of our judicial system, the principle of prohibiting the establishment of amisdemeanor and administrative detention period off against the regime's repeatedprosecution under criminal detention period, the public security organs in order toeffectively mitigate the abuse of administrative detention instead of causing criminaldetention of suspects hidden problem of extended criminal detention.

　　Key words: Criminal Detention Extended Detention Non-judicial Police Power
 

　　目 录.

　　目 录 …… IV

　　序 言 ……1

　　一、 隐性超期刑事拘留问题的表现……2

　　（一） 公安机关未合理使用刑事拘留权……4

　　1. 刑事拘留措施被过度适用……4

　　2.刑事拘留期限被普遍延长……5

　　3.刑事拘留期限被拖延使用……6

　　（二） 公安机关滥用行政拘留变相刑事拘留……7

　　1.事前规避……8

　　2.事后规避……9

　　二、 隐性超期刑事拘留问题的原因……10

　　（一）刑事拘留权的“非司法性”……10

　　（二）刑事拘留权制度规定粗糙……12

　　1.刑事拘留措施适用条件规定的不足……12

　　2.刑事拘留的期限制度不合理……14

　　（三）“一事不再理”原则的部门法局限性……17

　　三、 隐性超期刑事拘留问题的解决……19

　　（一）立法规制--对公安机关刑事拘留权制定详细的规定……20

　　（二）司法监督--将刑事拘留纳入审前羁押必要性审查……22

　　（三） 确立轻罪禁止双重处罚原则以及行政拘留和刑事拘留期限折抵制度……24

　　结 语 ……26

　　参考文献 ……27

　　致 谢 ……29