红叶杨和竹柳的抗寒能力评价研究

　　摘 要

　　红叶杨和竹柳因其生长迅速、观赏效果极佳，是近年来极具应用前景的优良园林绿化树种，但有关其抗寒性的研究尚未见报道。本文以红叶杨和竹柳为试验材料，研究了低温胁迫对其相对电导率、丙二醛（MDA）含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量以及保护酶活性的影响，探讨了红叶杨和竹柳的抗寒性生理机制；利用 Logistic方程确定了其低温半致死温度，并结合隶属函数法对红叶杨和竹柳的抗寒能力进行综合评价，取得的研究结果如下：

　　（1）在低温胁迫处理过程中，随着温度的逐渐降低，红叶杨和竹柳的离体枝条和根系的相对电导率均表现出逐渐升高的变化规律，但变化幅度存在差异。在-20℃时，竹柳枝条的相对电导率达 50%以上，红叶杨枝条在-15℃时相对电导率为 55.83%,而竹柳和红叶杨的根系在-10℃时相对电导率分别为 49.83%和 53.93%.根据试验数据并结合 Logistic 方程确定了四种供试材料的半致死温度（LT50）：红叶杨枝条及根系的半致死温度分别为-11.46℃和-6.24℃，竹柳枝条及根系的半致死温度分别为-15.83℃和-10.07℃。

　　（2）随着低温胁迫的逐渐下降，四种材料中的丙二醛（MDA）含量均呈现逐渐增加的趋势，竹柳枝条在各低温胁迫条件下丙二醛（MDA）含量最低且增加幅度最小。根据丙二醛（MDA）方差数据分析显示：竹柳枝条具有较强的抗寒能力，红叶杨根系的抗寒性最弱。

　　（3）随着温度的逐渐降低，四种材料的 SOD 酶活性均表现出先升高后降低的趋势。红叶杨枝条及根系从初始阶段到-15℃时 SOD 酶活性逐渐上升，在-15℃时达到峰值，之后随着低温处理 SOD 酶活性逐渐下降；竹柳枝条及根系从初始阶段到-20℃时 SOD 酶活性逐渐升高，上升趋势较红叶杨枝条以及根系较为缓慢，在-20℃时 SOD酶活性达到峰值，之后酶活性逐渐下降。POD 酶活性变化趋势与 SOD 酶活性变化趋势大致相似。

　　（4）经低温处理后，红叶杨和竹柳的枝条以及根系的可溶性糖含量均呈现逐渐上升的趋势，从试验材料中可溶性糖含量的变化趋势分析得出，抗寒性较强的试验材料可溶性糖含量显着高于抗寒性弱的试验材料。

　　（5）在低温处理条件下，各试验材料的蛋白质含量呈先上升后降低的趋势。在一定温度范围内，蛋白质含量升高，红叶杨枝条及根系在-15℃达到顶峰，然后蛋白质含量逐渐降低；竹柳枝条及根系在-20℃达到顶峰，然后蛋白质含量逐渐降低。但抗寒性较差的品种其蛋白质含量明显少于抗寒性较好的品种，说明蛋白质含量与植物的抗寒性密切相关。

　　（6）通过对红叶杨和竹柳枝条及根系相对电导率、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量等 6个指标的分析，并运用模糊概率综合评价方法，根据综合评价数据对参试材料的抗寒性进行排序，四种供试材料的抗寒性强弱顺序依次为：竹柳枝条>红叶杨枝条；竹柳根系>红叶杨根系（即竹柳>红叶杨）。该综合评价结果与枝条恢复生长结果基本一致，说明利用模糊概率评分法对红叶杨和竹柳进行抗寒性分析评价是可行的。

　　关键词：红叶杨；竹柳；抗寒性；相对电导率；丙二醛（MDA）；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）；过氧化物酶（POD）

    Abstract

　　Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye and Salicaceae sp. belong to the largesize of the tree, because of its rapid growth and excellent viewing, application themin landscape greening will have obvious effect .But in the process of introduction andCultivation indifferent regions, affected by the low temperature of environment, two kindsof plants often damage and even death phenomenon in winter.In this paper, take theannualred Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye and Salicaceae sp. as the testmaterial, they from the Baoding City of the Hebei province,studied the physiologicalcharacteristics under the different and low temperature , and by determining the relativeconductivity, MDA, solublesugar and soluble protein content, protective enzyme andcombined with the trend growth rate of recovery of shoots seven relevant experimentalindex. Study of cold resistance physiological mechanism of Populus deltoids cv.

　　Zhonghua hongye and Salicaceae sp. comprehensive the evaluation combined withmembership function method of two kinds of plant cold resistance, through the testingindex data analysis results show that:

　　（1）In the low temperature treatment process, gradually decreases with the temperature,the relative conductivity of the body of branches and roots from Populus deltoids cv.Zhonghua hongye and Salicaceae sp. showed gradually increased, but there weredifferences between the amplitude of variation.At -20 ℃ , the relative electricconductivity value in the branch of Salicaceae sp. has reached more than50%, the relative electric conductivity value in branches of Populus deltoids cv.

　　Zhonghua at -15 ℃ has reached 55.83%, and the relative electric conductivity in theroots of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye and Salicaceae sp. reached49.83% and 53.93% at -10 ℃。According to the test data and the Logistic equation isdetermined of four kinds of tested materials and semi lethaltemperature （LT50）： semi lethal temperature in the branches and roots of Populusdeltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye are -11.46 ℃ and -6.24 ℃ , semi lethaltemperature in the branches and roots of Salicaceae sp. are -15.83 ℃ and -10.07 ℃。

　　（2）The measure of MDA in different and low temperature and conditions showedthat: the contents of MDA in all tests of materials gradually decreases with thetemperature .The MDA in The branch of Salicaceae in the low temperature was thelowest and the smallest increased. The results of variance analysis showed that: in thetested materials, The branch of Salicaceae sp. has strong cold resistance, the root system ofPopulus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye has he worst cold resistance.

　　（3）According to the analysis of the test data in the low temperature condition of artificial,the results showed that: the activity of SOD in all materials showed the downward.Trends after the first rise.The SOD activities of the branches and roots in Populus deltoidscv. Zhonghua hongye from the initial stage to -15℃ increased gradually, and reachedthe peak at -15℃， SOD activity treatment decreased after low temperature;From the initialstage to -20 ℃，the SOD activity in the branch and root of Salicaceae sp. graduallyincreased, the rising trend is relatively slow than the branch and root of Populus deltoidscv. Zhonghua hongye . and SOD enzyme activity reached the peak at -20℃， then theenzyme activity gradually decreased .The trend of POD activity and SOD activity isbasically the same. According to the result of variance analysis showed that the significantdifference between different varieties of SOD and POD enzyme activity.

　　（4）The soluble sugar content in different product test materials showed agradual upwardtrend after low temperature treatment, the analysis from the trend of soluble sugar contentof test materials, soluble sugar content in resistant variety was higher than that in the weakcold resistance varieties.

　　（5）Under low temperature condition, the protein content of each test material increasedfirst and then decreased. In a certain temperature range, the increase in protein content,the branches and root of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye reached the peak at -15℃， the protein content decreased gradually after the branches and root of Salicaceae sp.reached the peak at -20℃， the protein content decreased gradually after the tend. But thecold hardiness variety of poor its protein content was significantly less the than that ofvarieties better cold tolerance, cold resistance and plant is closely related to the proteincontent.

　　（6）Through the relative conductivity of the branches and roots of Populus deltoidscv. Zhonghua hongye and Salicaceae sp. in the relative conductivity, SOD activity, PODactivity, MDA content, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of 6 indicators.

　　And use the fuzzy comprehensive with evaluation method of probability, sorted based onthe cold resistance of tested materials comprehensive evaluation data, its cold resistance inorder:the branches of Salicaceae sp.>the branches of Populus deltoids cv.Zhonghuahongye>the roots of Salicaceae sp. >the roots of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghuahongye（ Salicaceae sp. >Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye）。The comprehensiveevaluation result of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye and Salicaceae sp. in coldhardiness and branches to restore growth and field performance is basically the same, byusing fuzzy probability score were evaluated with the feasibility of Populus deltoidscv. Zhonghua hongye .

　　Keywords: Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye ; Salicaceae sp. ; Electricalconductivity ;Cold resistance;MDA;SOD;POD

    目 录

　　1 引言 …… 1

　　1.1 红叶杨和竹柳研究进展…… 1

　　1.1.1 红叶杨研究进展…… 1

　　1.1.2 竹柳研究进展…… 3

　　1.2 植物抗寒性研究进展…… 4

　　1.2.1 生物膜与抗寒性关系的研究…… 4

　　1.2.2 丙二醛（MDA）含量变化与抗寒性关系的研究…… 6

　　1.2.3 可溶性蛋白质含量变化与抗寒性关系的研究…… 6

　　1.2.4 可溶性糖含量变化与抗寒性关系的研究…… 7

　　1.2.5 保护酶与抗寒性关系的研究…… 8

　　1.2.6 植物恢复生长与抗寒性关系的研究…… 8

　　1.3 本研究的目的和意义…… 9

　　2 材料与方法 …… 10

　　2.1 试验地概况 …… 10

　　2.2 试验材料和方法…… 10

　　2.3 指标测定方法…… 10

　　2.3.1 相对电导率测定方法…… 10

　　2.3.2 丙二醛（MDA）含量测定方法 …… 11

　　2.3.3 可溶性蛋白质含量测定方法…… 11

　　2.3.4 可溶性糖含量测定方法…… 12

　　2.3.5 超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性测定方法…… 13

　　2.3.6 过氧化物酶（POD）活性测定方法…… 13

　　2.3.7 枝条恢复生长测定方法…… 14

　　2.4 数据处理方法…… 14

　　3 结果与分析 …… 15

　　3.1 低温胁迫对红叶杨和竹柳细胞膜透性的影响…… 15

　　3.2 低温胁迫对红叶杨和竹柳丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响…… 17

　　3.3 低温胁迫对红叶杨和竹柳可溶性蛋白质含量的影响…… 20

　　3.4 低温胁迫对红叶杨和竹柳可溶性糖含量的影响…… 21

　　3.5 低温胁迫对红叶杨和竹柳超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响 …… 23

　　3.6 低温胁迫对红叶杨和竹柳过氧化物酶（POD）活性的影响 …… 26

　　3.7 红叶杨和竹柳的抗寒性隶属函数综合评价…… 28

　　3.8 红叶杨和竹柳的测定指标和温度的相关性分析…… 29

　　3.9 红叶杨和竹柳枝条恢复生长分析…… 31

　　4 讨论……33

　　4.1 测定指标与抗寒性研究的关系 ……33

　　4.2 细胞膜与抗寒性研究的关系 ……33

　　4.3 质膜过氧化作用与抗寒性研究的关系 ……34

　　4.4 细胞内保护物质与抗寒性研究的关系 ……34

　　4.5 保护酶与抗寒性研究的关系 ……35

　　5 结论与建议……36

　　5.1 结论……36

　　5.2 建议……37

　　参考文献……38

　　致 谢……43