摘 要
随着高等教育国际化、市场化和信息化的发展，高等教育全球竞争日趋激烈，高校面临的内外部压力前所未有，靠着一本讲义，在大学里平稳、悠闲地做一辈子教书匠的好日子，早已成为历史。今天高校教师所扮演的角色和所承担的任务与过去已完全不可同日而语。高校女教师作为在高等教育活动中承担教学、科研及管理任务的女性知识分子，其在事业与家庭方面的角色冲突比其他社会成员更为显着，由此引发的角色压力与角色超载问题也更加突出。很多高校女教师往往以牺牲自己健康为代价去达到胜任多重角色的目的，导致这个特殊群体的身体健康水平和参与体育锻炼的情况普遍较差。高等教育是国家综合实力赖以实现的基础，加强体育锻炼增强体魄则是个人做好一切工作的基础。撑起高等教育半边天的高校女教师的健康状况直接影响到高等教育人才培养、科学研究、社会服务和文化传承与创新四大职能的发挥。西安是我国高等教育人才培养的密集区和科技创新的支撑点，因此，研究西安高校女教师的体育锻炼行为，对促进高校女教师健康育人，不断提高教学科研质量，推动高校以人为本创新发展，构建和谐社会具有重要意义。
本研究以健康人力资本为切入点，运用访谈法、统计法、书面调查法、文献资料法和比较分析法等研究方法，依据体育社会学、运动训练学、运动心理学、体育管理学、运动心理学、行为科学、社会学、管理学、心理学等相关理论，以西安地区部分高校在职女教师体育锻炼现状为研究对象（非体育专业），选取西安石油大学等 6 所普通高校的 246 名在职女教师为研究样本，运用比较法、综合法、分析法等多种工具对获取的数据和调查资料进行处理，了解和掌握目前西安部分高校女教师参与体育锻炼活动的现状和存在问题，进而探讨影响高校女教师进行体育锻炼的因素。研究结果：（1）西安地区高校女教师压力大，压力主要来源于工作。（2）西安地区高校多数女教师余暇体育锻炼行为的主要特点：时间短、频率低、强度小。（3）西安地区高校多数女教师参加体育锻炼的场所以学校体育场等免费场所为主。（4）西安地区高校多数女教师闲余时间进行的体育锻炼多集中在快走、慢跑、小球等易学、简单的活动上。（5）高校女教师的体育消费意识较差，体育消费水平偏低；体育消费结构不合理，主要以实物型消费为主。（6）从政府、社会、高校及个人不同层面，提出促进高校女教师进行体育锻炼的主要策略。
关键词： 高校女教师 ;体育锻炼；影响因素；对策研究
Abstract
With the development of higher education internationalization, marketization andinformationization, higher education is becoming increasingly fierce globalcompetition, the internal and external pressure of colleges and universities are facedwith hitherto unknown, with a lecture at the University smoothly, leisurely do alifetime teacher, good day, has already become history. Today in the role of theteacher and the bear the task has been completely with the past cannot be mention inthe same breath. Female teachers in Colleges and universities as a commitment toteaching in the activities of higher education, scientific research and managementtasks of female intellectuals in the career and family role conflict is more significantthan other members of society, role stress and role overload problems caused by themore prominent. A lot of college female teachers often at the expense of his health. Toachieve the purpose for multiple roles, leading to the health level of this special groupand participate in physical exercise in general Poor. Higher education is thefoundation of comprehensive national strength depends to realize and strengthenphysical exercise enhanced physique is individual to do a good job in all the work ofthe foundation. Hold up half of the sky higher education of College Female Teachers'health status directly affects the higher education personnel training, scientificresearch, social services and cultural inheritance and innovation of the four functionsof play. Xi'an is concentrated area of cultivating talents in higher education andinnovation of science and technology support. Therefore, the study of the physicalexercise behavior of female teachers of colleges and universities in Xi'an, to promotethe college female teachers' health education, and continuously improve the quality ofteaching and scientific research, promoting the innovative development of thepeople-oriented, constructing the harmonious society is of great significance.
In this study, human capital in health capital as the starting point, using the methodof interview, statistics, questionnaire, literature and comparative analysis, make gooduse of sports management, management, sports sociology, sports psychology,behavioral science, social science, management science, theory of psychologicalscience, current situation female teachers' physical exercise in some colleges anduniversities in Xi'an Province as the research object （except professional sports）， fromXi'an Petroleum University and other 6 colleges and universities in 246 femaleteachers as the research sample, and then according to the investigation data andmaterials, the use of comparison, analysis, synthesis and other methods, analysis ofthe development of some colleges and universities in Xi'an physical exercise offemale teachers at present, to explore the influencing factors of college femaleteachers participating in physical exercise.
The research shows:（1）The college female staff in Xi'an face heavy burdens,which come from their work.（2）The main features of college female staff in Xi'antaking part in physical exercises in the leisure are: short period, low frequency , lightintensity.（3）The college teachers mostly choose the free locations as their exercisingplaces.（4）The items teachers take part in are mostly the ones that are easy to learnand not complicated.（5）The college teachers have good physical consumptionconsciousness. And their monthly physical consumption is relatively low. Theconsumption structures percentage of college teachers are not correspondent.
Mainly it is practicality consumption.（6）From the government, society, colleges anduniversities and individuals at different levels, the promotion of female teachers inColleges and universities to participate in physical exercise is the main strategy.
Key word: college teachers;physical exercises;influential factors;countermeasure research
目 录
1 引言
1.1 问题的提出
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.2.1 国内研究现状
1.2.2 国外研究现状
1.3 研究目的与意义
1.4 研究对象和研究方法
1.4.1 研究对象
1.4.2 研究方法
2 体育锻炼相关理论概述
2.1 体育锻炼的功能
2.1.1 增强体质
2.1.2 完善个性
2.1.3 缓解工作压力
2.1.4 提高工作生活质量
2.1.5 丰富业余文化生活
2.2 体育锻炼动机理论
2.2.1 目标定向理论
2.2.2 目标设置理论
2.2.3 自我决定理论
2.3 体育锻炼行为理论
2.3.1 自我效能理论
2.3.2 健康信念理论
2.3.3 行为阶段转变理论
3 西安地区部分高校女教师体育锻炼的发展现状
3.1 高校女教师个人基本情况
3.1.1 年龄结构与婚姻状况
3.1.2 学历构成与职位状况
3.1.3 职称分布与收入状况
3.2 高校女教师体育锻炼的现状
3.2.1 高校女教师体育锻炼的动机
3.2.2 高校女教师体育锻炼的形式、时间及频次
3.2.3 高校女教师体育锻炼的项目和内容
3.2.4 高校女教师体育锻炼的的场所与设施
3.3 高校女教师体育锻炼的组织管理情况
3.3.1 高校组织女教师体育锻炼的主要部门与次数
3.3.2 高校领导对女教师参加体育锻炼的重视程度
3.3.3 高校组织部门对体育锻炼相关知识的宣传情况
3.4 影响高校女教师参加体育锻炼的因素
3.4.1 个体主观因素
3.4.2 客观环境因素
4 促进高校女教师参加体育锻炼的对策建议
4.1 从政府和社会角度促进女教师参加体育锻炼的对策建议
4.1.1 健全地方政策、法规对高校女教师的保障
4.1.2 加大对公共体育硬件设施的经费投入
4.1.3 加大管理人才及指导性人才的培养力度
4.2 从学校角度促进女教师参加体育锻炼的对策建议
4.2.1 完善体育锻炼组织体系建设
4.2.2 加大体育健身知识的宣传力度
4.2.3 建立体质监测与评价追踪制度
4.3 从个体角度促进女教师参加体育锻炼的对策建议
5 结论与展望
5.1 论文的主要研究成果
5.2 进一步研究展望
致 谢
参考文献
