摘要
在市场经济环境下,企业间的竞争日趋激烈,如何才能在激烈的市场竞争中提升企业的自身价值,这是每一位企业管理人员都在思考的问题,而成本控制无疑又是解决这一问题行之有效的方法。然而,随着企业生产经营模式的不断更新,传统的成本管理方法已经不能再满足企业发展的需求。20 世纪 90 年代初期,作业成本法作为一种先进的成本核算方法引入到我国,在我国管理学界掀起了对作业成本法的理论研究的高潮,从理论上讲,作业成本法的应用能够帮助企业控制成本,从而提高企业的竞争力,但是在实务界由于作业成本法的应用这种新颖的成本核算方法的推广与应用却不是很乐观。
企业实施作业成本法的内涵是把作业当作业成本核算法的理论依据,该理论认为首先作业消耗了资源,然后成本对象消耗了作业为思路,首先做的应该是依据资源被作业消耗的多少把资源成本分配到作业中形成作业成本,然后下一步要做的是依据在生产过程中生产产品需要的作业量把前面计算出的作业成本分摊给产成品的成本,最终形成完工产品的成本。近几年随着我国理论界对作业成本法的研究取得了突破性进展,作业成本法已经不再是一种简单的成本核算方法,它涉及企业管理的各个方面,已经演变成一套先进的管理理论和方法体系,为全面提升企业的管理水平提供了全新的方法和思路。因此,作业成本管理法在企业管理中处于非常关键的地位。
本文首先对作业成本法的理论基础进行了介绍,并结合理论基础分析了作业成本法当前在我国的应用现状,在此基础上,对作业成本法在 Z 汽车制造公司的应用现状进行了探讨,分析了作业成本法在该企业应用过程中存在的问题,并提出了改良措施,并用实例验证了这种改良措施的可行性。本论文主要由六部分构成。第一部分为本文的导论,在导论部分,论文主要介绍了作业成本法的研究背景及意义、国内外专家对有关作业成本法的研究理论。在论文的第二部分,重点介绍了作业成本核算方法研究的理论意义、作业成本核算方法的概念体系以及与传统成本法相比作业成本核算方法的优势。在论文的第三部分,企业主要研究了作业成本法在我国制造业企业应用的现状。在第四部分,论文以 Z 汽车制造有限零部件制造分厂为例,指出了作业成本法在应用过程中存在的问题,第五部分为根据 Z 公司在应用作业成本法存在的问题提出了改良方案,并通过实例验证了该方案的可行性。第五部分为结论部分,在本部分论文总结了整篇文章的研究成果及本篇文章的不足之处,而且对作业成本法未来在中国的发展与应用作出了展望。
关键词:作业成本法;成本动因;成本动因合
Abstract
Under the market economy environment, the competition among enterprises isbecoming increasingly fierce, how to in the fierce competition in the market to enhancecorporate value. This is every enterprise management personnel are in question, and costcontrol undoubtedly is to solve this problem, a effective method. However, with thecontinuous updating of enterprise production and management mode, the traditional costmanagement methods can no longer meet the needs of enterprise development. Early 90sof the 20th century, the activity based costing as an advanced method of cost accountingwas introduced to China, in the management of our country academia set off the climax ofthe theoretical research of activity-based costing, speaking from the theory and theapplication of activity-based costing can help enterprises to control costs, so as to improvethe enterprise's competitiveness, but in practice due to the popularization and application ofactivity-based costing application of this novel method of cost accounting is not veryoptimistic.
Enterprises to implement the connotation of activity-based costing is to work as thetheoretical basis of cost accounting, the theory that first operation consumes resources,then the cost object consumes activity for ideas, first should activities consume resources,is the amount of resources cost basis for allocation to work forms the work cost, then thenext step to do is according to the amount of work in the production process in theproduction of products need to be the previous calculated activity-based cost sharing to theproduct cost, and eventually the formation of finished product cost. In recent years, withthe theory of activity-based costing research has made breakthrough progress, activity-based costing is no longer a simple cost accounting method. It involves all aspects ofenterprise management, has evolved into a set of advanced management theory andmethod system, provides new methods and ideas to enhance enterprise management level.
Therefore, activity based costing management in enterprise management is in a verycritical position.
In this paper, the theory based on the operating cost method are introduced, and on thebasis of the theory analysis of the ABC current application status in our country, on thebasis of this, the activity-based costing application in the Z car manufacturing company arediscussed, analyzes the activity-based costing in the application process of the enterpriseexisting problems, and puts forward the improvement measures, after example is used toverify the feasibility of the improvement measures. This paper mainly consists of five parts.
The first part is the introduction. In the introduction part, the paper mainly introduces theresearch background and significance, the domestic and foreign experts on the activitybased costing theory. In the second part of the paper, the paper focuses on the theoreticalsignificance of activity-based costing, the concept system of activity based costing and theadvantages compared with the traditional cost accounting method. In the third part of thepaper, the enterprise mainly studies the application of activity based costing inmanufacturing enterprises in our country. In the fourth part, this paper takes the ZAutomobile Manufacture Co., as an example, points out the problems existing in theapplication of activity based costing, and puts forward the improvement plan. The fifth partis the conclusion part. In this part, the paper summarizes the research results of the wholepaper and the shortcomings of this article, and makes a prospect for the future developmentand application of activity based costing in China.
Key words: Activity-based Costing; Cost Driver; Cost Driver Combination
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.1.1 研究背景
1.1.2 研究意义
1.2 相关研究综述
1.2.1 国外研究综述
1.2.2 国内研究综述
1.2.3 综合评述
1.3 研究内容与研究方法
1.3.1 研究内容
1.3.2 研究方法
1.4 本文的创新点
第 2章 作业成本法的理论基础
2.1 作业成本法的产生与发展过程
2.1.1 作业成本法的产生
2.1.2 作业成本法的发展
2.2 作业成本法应用理论与意义
2.2.1 理论依据
2.2.2 应用意义
2.3 作业成本法的概念体系
2.3.1 资源
2.3.2 作业
2.3.3 作业链条和价值链条
2.3.4 成本库
2.3.5 成本动因
2.4 作业成本法的基本原理
2.5 作业成本法与传统成本发的比较
2.6 企业实施作业成本法的优势
2.6.1 拓宽了成本核算的范围
2.6.2 提供相对准确的成本信息
2.6.3 更有效的控制成本
2.7 本章小结
第 3章 作业成本法的应用现状
3.1 我国企业未来发展的趋势
3.2 作业成本法在国内外的应用情况
3.2.1 作业成本法在国内的应用情况研究
3.2.2 作业成本法在国外的应用情况研究
3.3 作业成本法在企业运用中存在的问题
3.3.1 作业成本法在实施过程中存在较大阻力
3.3.2 作业成本法在实施的前期会有较高的成本
3.3.3 作业中心的选择及成本动因的确定较困难
3.3.4 作业成本法的实施时间较长
3.3.5 短期内实施作业成本法效果不明显 …… 25
3.4 原因分析
3.5 本章小结
第 4章 作业成本法在 Z汽车制造公司的应用
4.1 公司背景简介
4.2 作业成本法在 Z 公司的应用现状
4.2.1 该企业实施作业成本法的必要性分析
4.2.2 举例说明作业成本法在该公司的应用
4.2.3 作业成本法在 Z 公司应用过程中存在的缺陷
4.3 本章小结
第 5章 Z公司推行作业成本法的改良-成本动因合并
5.1 成本动因合并理论
5.1.1 成本动因合并
5.1.2 成本动因合并的意义
5.1.3 成本动因合并的分类
5.1.4 成本动因合并的一般方法及步骤
5.1.5 矩阵法的成本动因合并在汽车制造业的应用模型
5.2 成本动因合并的矩阵法在 Z 公司的实际应用
5.3 关于该公司未来实施作业成本法的建议
5.4 本章小结
第 6章 结论
参考文献