摘 要
法官是司法系统中必不可少的要素，通过行使司法审判权来实现和维护司法公正。司法实践中，法官独立审判的权利缺乏制度保障，另外二十世纪九十年代实行的错案责任追究制亦未从根本上杜绝冤假错案的发生。因此，为了改变我国法院当前“审者不判，判者不审”的畸形现状，以及减少法官审理案件过程中的恣意，提高审判效率，提升司法公信力，十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》明确指出：“完善主审法官、合议庭办案责任制，落实谁办案谁负责。”至此主审法官责任制被明确纳入新一轮司法体制改革中。主审法官责任制的建立是致力于提升司法公信力的司法文明建设中必不可少的一环，但是作为一项新制度，其建立的过程必须严谨、细致。
虽然对于法官责任制已经有了一些理论研究成果和实践探索经验，但是仍有不少问题需要进一步研究。本文主要运用文献研究方法、比较方法等，对主审法官责任制的理论基础和制度设计进行研究。本文首先结合权责一致、司法公正的理论基础概述主审法官责任制，对主审法官概念内涵进行界定，并分析主审法官责任制的价值意义。其次，将主审法官责任制与错案责任追究制进行比较研究，通过分析司法现状中错案责任追究制实行的不足之处，论证主审法官责任制的进步性和推行的必要性。再次，立足于我国司法现状分析我国主审法官责任制推行的可行性：2001 年修订的《法官法》对法官任职资格作出严格规定，截止到今天，我国法官素质有了明显提升；数次司法体制改革也大大改善了我国的司法环境；法官员额制的推行对主审法官质量的确保……这些因素都为我国主审法官责任制的实施创造了有利条件。但是法官队伍的断层式发展、现存审委会制度存在的问题，以及主审法官责任制推行配套制度的缺乏，都给主审法官责任制的实行制造了不少麻烦。最后，在上述论证基础上针对障碍性因素对主审法官责任制进行制度设计：设计适宜的主审法官的选任制度，从薪酬、身份、法律规定等多个角度为主审法官提供职业保障，建立主审法官的考核制度，明确主审法官责任追究的范围和程序，改进审判委员会制度，以利于主审法官责任制的推行。
关键词：法官责任，主审法官责任制，错案责任追究制
Abstract
The judge is the essential factor of the judicial system, through the exercise ofjurisdiction to achieve and maintain the justice. In judicial practice, the right to anindependent trial judge's lack of institutional support, also in twentieth Century ninetyin the implementation of misjudgments accountability have not fundamentallyprevent the occurrence of miscarriages of justice. Therefore, in order to change thewired situation that “the trial judge were not to sentenced, the person who sentencedwithout trial”, to reduce the judge's arbitrary during the process of trial , to improvethe efficiency of the trial, to enhance the credibility of the judiciary, the eighteenFourth Plenary Session adopted the Central Committee of Communist Party of Chinadeepening reform of the overall number of decisions on major issues“ clearly pointedout that: ”improve the presiding judge, the full court handling responsibility, whohandling the cases who is responsibility for it. “ Thus the trial judge accountability isexplicitly included in the new round of the reform of the judicial system. Theestablishment of the responsibility system is an important circle of the judicialcivilization construction which committed to improving the public credibility of thejudiciary , but as a new system, the process of its establishment must be rigorous andmeticulous. Although the judge's responsibility system has been exploring theexperience of some theory research and practice, but there are still many problemsneed further studied.
This paper mainly use the literature research method and comparative method tostudy the basic theory and system of judge responsibility. In this paper, firstly, thejudicial justice responsibilities consistent with an overview of the theoretical basis ofthe trial judge accountability, and define the concept and connotation of the presidingjudge , and analyze the value of the trial judge accountability. Secondly, the judge'sresponsibility system compare to the misjudgments accountability system, throughthe analysis of the judicial status of the misjudgments accountability systemimplementation deficiencies , demonstrates the progressive of trial judgeaccountability and its necessity of implementation. Again, based on the currentsituation analysis the feasibility of the implementation of the responsibility system inour country : in the year of 2001, the revised ”judge law“ make strict rules onthe qualification of judge , Up to now , the quality of judges in China has improvedsignificantly; the several times reform of the judicial system also gradually improvedChina's judicial environment; the implementation of judicial system for specifiednumber of personnel will ensure the trial judge's quality…… All of these factors hascreated favorable conditions for the implementation of the trial judge accountability .
But the team of judge's fault development, the existing problems of judges judicialcommittee system , and the lack of supporting system, all have made a lot of troublesfor the presiding judge responsibility system . Finally, on the basis of the aboveargument barrier factors to design the trial judge accountability: elected the suitablejudge for the system, from the point of salary , identity, legal provision and so on, soas to provide professional support for the establishment of the trial judge , to establishthe trial judge evaluation system , to clear the scope of the trial judge accountabilityand program. In order to facilitate the implementation of the trial judge accountabilitysystem.
Key word:The Responsibility of Judges, The Trial Judge Accountability System,Misjudgments Accountability System
目 录
引 言
一、 主审法官责任制概述
（一）主审法官责任制的界定
（二）主审法官责任制的价值
二、 主审法官责任制与错案责任追究制
（一）错案责任追究制的形成及发展
（二）“错案”责任追究制的弊端
（三）主审法官责任制对错案追究制的改进
三、 主审法官责任制的可行性分析
（一） 主审法官责任制施行的有利因素
（二） 主审法官责任制的施行阻力
四、 主审法官责任制度设计
结 语
参考文献
