目录
摘要
一、前言
二、王嗣槐与《太极图说论》的写作
三、王嗣槐「终极实有、幽明一致」的思想内涵
(一)有无之辨
(二)鬼神与生死
(三)性与天命
(四)尽伦之教
四、总结
参考文献
【摘要】:本文主要研究王嗣槐撰写《太极图说论》的目的,并根据《太极图说论》探讨王嗣槐的思想,及其在明清之际学术史上的意义。全文分两部分,第一部分说明《太极图说论》的写作旨在批评佛、道二氏与宋明理学,并阐扬儒家正学。王嗣槐批评〈太极图〉与〈太极图说〉不符合《易》旨,是道家之作,他的看法遥承南宋陆九韶、陆九渊,更呼应清初江南学界全面检讨《易》图的思潮。论文第二部分从有无之辨、生死与鬼神、性与天命、尽伦之教四方面,讨论王嗣槐的思想的特色。本文也试图从天主教徒张星曜对《太极图说论》的推崇,再思明清之际儒学与天主教的交涉。
【关键词】:王嗣槐 〈太极图〉 生死观 张星曜 人性
A Study of Wang Sihuai's Tai ji tu shuo lun
Abstract:This paper aims to analyze Wang Sihuai's Taijitusuo lun (On theExplanations of the Diagram of Supreme Ultimate) to understand Wang'sthoughts against the background of the Ming-Qing intellectual history. The firstpart of the paper discusses the main purpose of Wang's composing this text,which is to distinguish “true” Confucianism from Daoism, Buddhism, andSong-Ming Confucianism. Wang Sihuai believed Taijitu and Taijitu shuo belongto Taoist works and betrayed the meaning of the Yijing (The Book of Changes)。
Wang's opinions followed those of Lu Jiushao and Lu Jiuyuan and correspondedwith the new wave of criticizing the Diagram of Taiji in the Jiangnan area duringthe early Qing period. In the second part, the paper elaborates Wang Sihuai'sthoughts from four aspects, which are (1) the fundamental difference betweenbeing and non-being, (2) the concepts of life, death, spirit, and ghost, (3) hisideas about human nature, the nature of myriad things, and the Mandate ofHeaven, (4) the ethical teachings by Confucian sages. Finally, this paper alsotraces the friendship between Wang Sihuai and the Confucian Catholic ZhangXingyao, and tries to explain why Zhang paid compliments to Wang Sihuai andhis Taijitusuo lun by comparing their works. This also leads us to see more aboutthe interactions between Confucianism and Christianity in 17th-century China.
Keywords: Wang Sihuai, Taijitu, life and death, Zhang Xingyao, human nature
一、前言
本文主要研究王嗣槐(1620生)的《太极图说论》。学界对於王嗣槐的相关研究很少,目前只见张立敏讨论王嗣槐与冯溥(1609-1692)的交友,及其参与清代诗坛活动的论文;荒木见悟在〈毛稚黄的格物去欲说〉一文中曾对王嗣槐的思想有简短的讨论。
另外,周建刚在《周敦颐研究着作述要》中论及《太极图说论》,说此书旨在「为朱陆辩难两不相下而论定之」,全书核心在卷三有关〈太极图〉的辨说、图论与传授等的讨论,其他部分都围绕卷三而展开。
笔者对此略有不同看法,虽然《太极图说论》确实从朱陆之辩谈起,但全书最多篇幅并不在讨论〈太极图〉, 而是关於有无、生死、人性、天命、明教等议题,笔者认为王嗣槐写作此,不仅欲讨论〈太极图〉或〈太极图说〉的传授,他的主要关怀在於厘清儒学与二氏之辨,并以维护儒家圣人之教为主要目的。
《太极图说论》共十四卷,篇幅长达三十余万言,是王嗣槐晚年的作品。
本文主要根据《太极图说论》探讨王嗣槐的思想,下文将首先介绍王嗣槐生平及其着作此书的经过,说明其对於〈太极图〉与〈太极图说〉的基本立场,及其与清初浙江学界的密切关系。接着,将从有无之辨、生死与鬼神、性与天命、尽伦之教四方面,进一步阐发王嗣槐的思想。