摘 要
高校贫困大学生问题伴随着我国经济体制改革和高等教育体制改革出现，是当前教育界和全社会都热切关注的一个重要问题。1999 年高校扩招以来，我国高等教育由精英化迈向大众化，越来越多的青年学生获得了进入大学接受高等教育的机会。但是，贫困大学生问题随之逐步扩大，并呈逐年上升趋势，近些年高校发生的贫困生极端事件，让原本存在的高校贫困生问题逐渐成为高等教育发展的焦点和社会关注的热点，也让解决贫困大学生心理健康问题成为彰显人文关怀和影响校园稳定的迫切需求。
贫困大学生心理健康问题随着经济社会发展，呈现出新特征和新态势，心理成因变得更为复杂，不良心理状况造成恶性事件频发，成为高校大学生教育工作中急需正视、研究和解决的现实问题。高校加强贫困大学生工作，就是要紧紧围绕新时期高校培养社会主义合格建设者和可靠接班人的根本任务，针对出现的新问题，探究根本原因，找到解决贫困大学生心理健康问题的有效方法，进而提高贫困大学生心理健康工作的针对性和实效性，达到办好人民满意的教育，培养和造就全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人的目的。
本文以河北经贸大学为例，结合多年面对贫困大学生工作的经验和体会，从对贫困大学生心理健康状况的实际调查入手，以真实案例和科学分析展现贫困大学生普遍存在的心理状况，分析造成贫困大学生心理健康问题的原因，探索研究高校教育工作者在贫困大学生心理健康教育工作中存在的不足和问题，提出做好贫困大学生心理健康教育工作的重要性，并对如何做好此项工作作出深度剖析，提出解决办法。
本文主要分为三部分。引言部分主要讲述文章的研究背景、研究目的和研究意义，国内外的研究现状以及本文的研究思路和方法。第一部分，高校贫困大学生心理健康问题现状。界定贫困大学生这一概念，提出心理健康的含义，界定大学生的心理健康标准，展现贫困大学生的心理健康状况及其外在的表现形式。同时，深刻剖析影响贫困大学生的心理健康的复杂因素。社会大环境、家庭环境、学校环境和贫困生自身素质，是影响贫困大学生心理健康的主要因素，四者综合作用对贫困生的心理产生不同的影响和结果。现存的问题主要是，部分教育工作者对贫困生心理健康状况认识不足，解决贫困生心理健康问题的工作理念淡薄，精神鼓励和经济帮扶不能有效搭配，教育方法不能入脑入心、滞后单一等等。第二部分，解决高校贫困大学生心理健康问题的重要性。解决贫困大学生心理健康问题，是实现贫困大学生全面发展成长成才的基础，是高校思想政治教育工作内容的组成部分，同时也是社会主义现代化教育的主要内容。认识到解决贫困生心理问题的重要性，从根本上重视这一问题，这是解决问题的基本前提。第三部分，解决贫困大学生心理健康问题的工作对策。本部分是文章主体。要想有效解决高校贫困大学生心理健康问题，要从五个方面入手。扎实做好各项工作，形成立体化、全方位的贫困生帮扶育人体系，把党和国家以及学校的关怀和温暖真正送到贫困生心坎上，通过教书育人、管理育人、服务育人、环境育人的方式，改变贫困生的心理现状，培养他们的自信心，助力他们健康成长成才，最终达到改变他们贫困现状和命运目的。第一，要加强对大学生心理健康教育，包括成立心理咨询室、专门研究贫困生心理特征，建立动态档案、跟踪贫困生心理变化，课堂教育与社会实践活动相结合等多种方法，要成立贫困生自己的社团组织、开展朋辈模式互帮互助，精神上鼓励激励，要创造良好的校园人文环境。第二，必须高度重视对贫困生群体的思想政治教育工作，帮助贫困生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。同时，加强贫困大学生思想政治工作，这是建设和谐社会、共圆中国梦的必然要求，是帮助贫困大学生成长成才的需要，是建设和谐校园的需要，是为人师者最基本的要求。第三，要在物质上给予贫困生必要的经济帮扶，这是短期内有效解决贫困生经济困境最直接的办法。第四，要加强对贫困大学生的心理治疗和疏导工作。第五，依靠就业帮扶，让贫困生有一个看得见、够得着的未来，解决贫困生的后顾之忧，最终从心理上获得安全感，并逐步强大起来。
关键词：贫困大学生；心理健康教育
Abstract
The issues regarding college students from lower economic backgrounds, which beganto surface with the reforms of the economic system and the college educational system inChina, are getting a great deal of attention from the education field and the society in general.
Since the enlargement of enrollment in 1999, more and more students go to college, as aresult of which college education becomes less and less elite. But the mental health problemsof college students from lower economic backgrounds are getting serious as well. Thetragedies of these students happened in recent years make it a focus for the college educationand for public attention, and make solving the mental health problems of these students anurgency.
With the social economic development, the mental health problems of students fromlower economic backgrounds gain new characteristics and trends: their causes are morecomplex and tragedies are more common. This has to be faced in college education. Toimprove the education of these students, we must keep the ultimate task of cultivating thebuilder and successor of socialism in mind, and try to find effective ways to help them, sothat the public would be satisfied with the current education.
Take Hebei University of Economics and Business as an example. With her many yearsof experience in helping college students from lower economic backgrounds, the author did asurvey of these students as regards their mental health, analyzes the causes of the issues andproblems in the current work, and point out the importance of this task.
This article contains three parts.
The introduction mainly states the research background, research goals, and researchmethods, the current research states and this article's research organization and researchmethod.
Part 1 describes the mental health problems of college students from lower economicbackgrounds. It defines college students from lower economic backgrounds and the conceptof mental health, the standards for mental healthy college students, and describes its currentstate. It also analyzes the causes. Social environment, family background, collegeenvironment, and college students themselves together make contributions to these students'mental health states. The major problems in the present work of helping these students arethat some educators lack knowledge in this area, lack motivation of helping these students,can not effectively help them financially and psychologically, and can not help these studentsfrom their hearts.
Part 2 explains the importance of the task. Solving these problems lays the foundationfor these students' full development and future success. It is also a part of the college politicaland thinking education and a major part of modern socialism education. Only when realizingthis importance can we take it seriously and possibly solve these problems.
Part 3 makes proposals to solve the mental health problems of college students fromlower economic backgrounds. To solve these problems, we must take care of five issues. Wemust do every job well, construct a complete system of helping these students, send the careand warmness from the Party, the government and the school to these students, change themental health state of these students through teaching, management and service, improvetheir confidence, and help them healthily grow, so that their lower economic status and fatecould be changed. First, we must put strong emphasis on the political and thinking educationof these students. It is required by constructing a harmonious society, by realizing the ChineseDream, by building a harmonious campus, and by becoming a great teacher. Educators areobliged to help these students to acquire a correct outlook of life, value and the world. Second,we must think highly the task of political and thinking education of these students and helpthem acquire correct worldviews, life views and value views. This is required by building aharmonious society and by realizing the Chinese dream, by helping these students to developthemselves, by building a harmonious campus, and by teachers' setting examples. Educatorshave the obligation to help students to acquire these values. Third, we must provide themwith financial support, which can effectively help them in the short term. Fourth, we musthelp them to solve their emotional problems. Fifth, we must help them to find jobs. This willreduce their worries and give them have a better future, which in turn could offer them asense of safety and strength.
Key Words: Mental Health ,Poverty College Students ;Research
目 录
中文摘要
英文摘要
引言
（一） 选题的研究背景、目的和意义
（二） 国内外研究现状
（三） 本文的研究思路和方法
（四） 本文的重点、难点及创新点
一、 贫困大学生心理健康现状及成因
（一） 心理健康的含义及大学生心理健康的标准
1. 心理健康的含义
2. 大学生心理健康的标准
（二） 贫困大学生心理健康状况及主要心理问题
1. 贫困大学生的界定
2. 贫困大学生心理健康现状
3. 贫困大学生存在的主要心理问题
（三） 影响贫困大学生心理健康的因素
1. 社会大环境的影响
2. 家庭环境的影响
3. 学校环境的影响
4. 贫困生自身的问题
二、 解决贫困大学生心理健康问题的意义
（一） 贫困大学生全面发展成长成才的基础
（二） 高校思想政治教育工作的要求
（三） 社会主义现代化教育的需要
（四） 改变贫困大学生心理现状的需要
三、 解决贫困大学生心理健康问题的工作对策
（一） 加强贫困大学生心理健康教育
1. 成立心理咨询室，专门研究贫困生心理特征
2. 建立动态档案，跟踪贫困生心理变化
3. 课堂教育与社会实践活动相结合
4. 精神上关怀激励
5. 成立贫困生社团，朋辈模式互帮互助
6. 创造良好的校园环境
（二） 加强思想政治教育，树立正确的“三观”
1. 加强理想信念教育，帮助其树立正确的世界观
2. 加强励志教育，帮助树立正确的人生观
3. 加强感恩教育和诚信教育，帮助树立正确的价值观
（三） 加强贫困大学生心理疏导工作
（四） 物质上给予必要的帮助
（五） 就业帮扶使贫困生免除后顾之忧
结论
参考文献
致谢
