深圳市S社区服务项目化运作问题探究

 中文摘要：随着中国社会工作的发展，各类公益创投不断涌现，以项目的形式服务某一类社会群体。深圳市是内地社会工作行业的领军者。从 2011 年开始，深圳大规模推进社区服务中心项目建设，社工机构通过招投标的形式获得政府项目资金支持，派驻 6名专职工作人员，针对社区居民的服务需求，为社区居民提供相应的服务。社区服务中心项目专门为某一社区提供服务，该项目成为社区服务项目化发展的开端。随着社区服务中心项目的实践，优势与不足都逐渐得到显现。深圳市政府在社区服务中心项目的基础上，积极的推进其他公益项目落地社区。政府通过服务购买，以项目的形式将资源分配给社区，体现社区服务项目化的趋势。
　　
　　关键词： 社区服务； 社区服务项目； 社会工作； 社区服务项目化

    Abstract：With the development of China's social work, all kinds of venture philanthropy arespringing up, serve a kind of people in the form of a project. Shenzhen is a leader in thedevelopment of social work. Starting in 2011, Shenzhen large-scale to promote communityservice center project construction. Social work organization can get the project fundthrough the form of competition. And the social organization need to accredit 6 full-timestaffs in the community , provide the corresponding services according to the demand ofthe community members. The community service center project dedicated to provideservices to a particular community, and the project become the stat of the communityservice project-oriented. With the practice of the community service center project,advantages and disadvantages are gradually appeared. The government of Shenzhen startto positive promote other public welfare projects .Government can be in the form ofproject resource allocation to the community through the service purchase, reflect the trendof community service project.
　　
　　Based on the trend of community service project in Shenzhen city, the written selectedS community service center of Shenzhen as a case study, the community service in 2015,become the main research contents. Conclude and analyze the practice situation of threeprojects, such as service effectiveness ,the difficulties in projects. And put forward thecorresponding improvement suggestions.
　　
　　Key words: Community Service; Community Service Project; Social Work;Community Service Project-oriented.

        目 录

第一章 绪 论..........................................................................................................................1
一、研究背景及意义..............................................................................................................1
（一）问题的提出.............................................................................................................. 1
（二）研究背景...................................................................................................................1
（三）研究的意义.............................................................................................................. 3
二、文献综述.......................................................................................................................... 3
（一）关于社区服务项目的相关研究.............................................................................3
（二）社会工作项目化研究..............................................................................................4
（三）社会工作项目评估研究.........................................................................................4
（四）对研究现状的述评..................................................................................................5
三、研究对象与研究方法.....................................................................................................5
（一）概念界定...................................................................................................................5
（二）研究问题与研究对象..............................................................................................6
（三）研究方法...................................................................................................................7
第二章 社区服务项目化运作的原理及意义....................................................................... 8
一、社区服务项目化运作的原理.........................................................................................8
二、社区服务项目化运作的意义.........................................................................................9
（一）需求的满足和社区服务的拓展.............................................................................9
（二）市场化竞争与服务提供者的转变........................................................................ 9
（三）政府的简政放权的体现.........................................................................................9
第三章 深圳市社区服务项目化的形成与发展.................................................................11
一、深圳市社区服务项目化的形成...................................................................................11
二、深圳市社区服务项目化运作的发展..........................................................................12
（一）社区服务中心项目模式的喜与忧...................................................................... 12
（二）深圳市社区服务项目化运作的新发展..............................................................12
三、深圳市社区服务项目化运作的特点..........................................................................13
第四章 S 社区服务项目化运作的实践情况......................................................................15
一、S 社区项目化运作基本情况....................................................................................... 15
（一）S 社区服务中心.....................................................................................................15
（二）2015 年 S 社区服务中心项目化运作.................................................................16
二、项目化运作成果............................................................................................................17
（一）服务的拓展............................................................................................................17
（二）专项资金支持........................................................................................................19
（三）有效避免社区服务活动的零散性...................................................................... 20
（四）提升社工福利待遇................................................................................................20
（五）社工人才培养，推动社会工作发展..................................................................21
第五章 S 社区服务项目化运作中遭遇的困境..................................................................22
一、服务指标量大................................................................................................................22
（一）服务指标完成情况................................................................................................22
（二）与社区服务中心的指标相结合的思考..............................................................23
二、服务的深入问题............................................................................................................24
三、资金问题........................................................................................................................26
（一）服务资金不足........................................................................................................26
（二）报账问题................................................................................................................ 27
四、服务管理上的困难........................................................................................................27
五、项目成效问题................................................................................................................27
（一）社区服务中心项目................................................................................................27
（二）“社区建设示范点”项目...................................................................................29
（三）“来深建设者”服务项目...................................................................................29
六、项目化运作遭遇困境的原因.......................................................................................31
第六章 S 社区服务项目化运作的局限性与改进建议.....................................................32
一、局限性.............................................................................................................................32
（一）主要依靠外部支持力量.......................................................................................32
（二）项目周期限制........................................................................................................32
（三）人才缺乏................................................................................................................ 32
二、社区服务项目化的改进建议.......................................................................................33
（一）项目质与量的平衡................................................................................................33
（二）注重人才培养........................................................................................................34
（三）社区服务中心服务内容的项目化...................................................................... 34
第七章 研究总结与反思.......................................................................................................35
一、总结与反思....................................................................................................................35
二、创新与不足....................................................................................................................36
参考文献.................................................................................................................................... 37
攻读学位期间公开发表的论文...............................................................................................39
附 录.........................................................................................................................................40
致 谢.........................................................................................................................................42