船舶租金损失保险相关问题探究

　　摘 要

　　船舶租金损失保险是船东在船壳险之外经常为船舶投保的一种海上保险险种，它在分散船舶经营者的收入损失风险，维护其经营活动稳定方面，发挥着其他险种不可替代的作用。本文意在对租金损失险涉及的重要问题进行研究。

　　本文共分为五章。

　　第一章研宄了船舶租金损失险的一般问题。首先通过租金损失险承保的损失形式分析了租金损失险的概念，并明确了其作为海上保险的性质；然后，通过将其与承保船东收入损失的传统运费险进行比较，以进一步明确租金损失险究竟为何种保险；本章最后简单介绍了实践中常用的三种租金损失险标准条款。

　　第二章研究了租金损失险下的保险利益问题。本章从保险利益的一般理论入手，分析了租金损失险下的保险利益为期待利益性质，并通过英国法下的权威判例研宄了租金损失险下被保险人具有保险利益的条件。

　　第三章研究了租金损失险的承保风险，比较了三种标准条款承保风险的区别，并结合判例对相关争议的解决进行了研究。

　　第四章研究了租金损失险保险合同的核心问题一一保险人的责任问题。本章重点研宄了保险赔偿的计算问题，基于三个标准条款的内容，从计算基本规则，到日赔偿额和损失时间的计算，并详细分析了不同情形下修理时间的计算问题；本章还研宄了保险人支付施救费用的责任，并与船壳险下的此种责任做了比较。

　　第五章是租金损失险的其他问题。一是被保险人的义务问题，重点研究了相对特殊的告知义务和施救义务；二是保险人的代位求偿权问题，主要研宄了保险人行使代位求偿权的条件、情形和程序，并分析了第三人赔偿额在保险人与被保险人之间的分配问题。

　　在最后的结论部分，笔者在本文研究结果的基础上，分析了在我国实施该险种的可能性，并针对三个标准条款的优缺点对我国将来可能使用的租金损失险条款的制定提出了建议。

　　关键词：租金损失险；保险利益；责任；义务

　　ABSTRACT

　　Loss of hire （hereinafter as LOH） insurance is a kind of insurance generallyeffected by the shipowners besides the hull insurance and the freight insurance. Suchkind of insurance has been playing an important role in distracting risks of loss ofvessels' earning capacity, in preventing their fund flow drying up because of casualtiesand in maintaining a stable environment for op红ation. This thesis therefore focuses onseveral important issues on this insurance.

　　This thesis is divided into 5 chapters. Chapter One is on the general issues of theLOH insurance. Through the forms of losses covered by this insurance, the authoranalyzes its concept and legal characteristics. Then from the comparison with freightinsurance,an insurance also covered shipowners' loss of income, the author make moreclear what the LOH insurance is. At last three standard terms are introduced briefly.

　　Chapter Two is the study of the insurable interest issue. This chapter starts with theintroduction of the general theory of insurable interest and then analyzes what kind ofinsurable interest it is under the LOH insurance. In the third part of this chapter, theauthor introduces an importance precedent on this issue, through which the authordiscusses the conditions to be treated as having insurable interest.

　　Chapter Three introduces the perils covered by LOH insurance with a comparisonbetween the three standard terms, and several precedents are also introduced to explainthe right meaning of some perils covered.

　　Chapter Four is on the core issue, i.e. the liability of the insurer. In this chapter, theauthor spends a considerable part on the question how to calculate the compensation,especially on the calculation of loss of time caused by repairs in different situations. Theauthor spends a little part studying on the special restriction of insurer's liabilityprovided by the hazard Form. Then this chapter moves to the suing and laboring costs,making a comparison with the hull insurer's liability to pay these costs.

　　Chapter Five is the discussion of the duties of the insured and insurer's right ofsubrogation. In respect of the former, the author mainly studies the duty of disclosureand the duty to sue and labor, since both of them differ from those under otherinsurances. Regarding the latter, the author analyzes the pre-conditions and the specificcircumstances for insurer to exercise such a right, and then, this chapter analyzes thecomplex issue,i.e. the distribution of the compensation made by the third party betweenthe assured and the insurer.

　　In the part of the Conclusion of this thesis, with summarizing all of the studyresults arising from the above, the author analyzes the feasibility of the LOH insurancein China, and according to the advantages and disadvantages of the three standard terms,the author gives his initial advice on the standard terms for LOH insurance to be used inChina in the future.

　　Key Words: Loss of Insurance; Insurable Interest; Liability; Duties
 

　　目 录

　　引言

　　第1章 船舶租金损失险的一般问题研究

　　1.1船舶租金损失险的概念

　　1.1.1船舶营运收入的表现形式

　　1.1.2船舶租金损失险承保的收入形式

　　1.2船舶租金损失险的性质

　　1.3船舶租金损失险与运费险比较

　　1.3.1运费险概述

　　1.3.2租金损失险与运费险内容异同

　　1.3.3租金损失险与运费险的关系分析

　　1.4船舶租金损失保险的常用条款

　　1.4.1ABS 条款

　　1.4.2NMIP 2013,第一部分和第 16 章

　　1.4.3美国“Lazard格式”条款

　　第2章 船舶租金损失险的保险利益问题研究

　　2.1保险利益的基本理论

　　2.2船舶租金损失险被保险人的保险利益

　　2.3船舶租金损失险下被保险人具有保险利益的条件

　　2.3.1证明保险利益存在的必要性

　　2.3.2被保险人具有保险利益的情形

　　2.3.3被保险人具有保险利益的时间

　　第3章 船舶租金损失险的承保风险研究

　　3.1要求船舶损坏的风险

　　3.1.1船壳险条款的适用

　　3.1.2船舶的损坏

　　3.2不要求船舶损坏的风险

　　3.2.1三个标准条款关于此类风险的规定

　　3.2.2 ABS条款下的争议

　　3.3机器故障风险

　　第4章 船舶租金损失险保险人的保险责任研宄

　　4.1保险赔偿责任的基本问题

　　4.1.1计算保险赔偿的基本方法

　　4.1.2免赔期

　　4.1.3保险人的责任限额

　　4.2保险人每日赔偿数额的确定

　　4.2.1不定值保单

　　4.2.2定值保单

　　4.3船舶收入损失时间的确定

　　4.3.1修船厂的选择与修船时间的计算

　　4.3.2修理进行之前和完成之后花费的时间

　　4.3.3同时修理时修理时间的计算

　　4.3.4保险期间结束后的修理时间

　　4.4 Lazard条款关于保险赔偿责任的特殊规定

　　4.5保险人支付施救费用的责任

　　4.5.1支付施救费用的基础

　　4.5.2支付施救费用的责任

　　第5章 船舶租金损失险的其他问题研宄

　　5.1船舶租金损失险下被保险人的义务

　　5.1.1告知义务

　　5.1.2施救义务

　　5.2船舶租金损失险保险人的代位求偿权

　　5.2.1代位求偿权的行使要件

　　5.2.2保险人行使代位求偿权的程序问题

　　5.2.3第三人赔偿的分配

　　结论

　　参考文献

　　致谢