秘密侦查主要内涵研究

　　摘 要

　　在社会科学的研究过程中，本体论是支撑学科理论的地基。它包括对理论中核心概念超越单一视角（或者语境）的精准概括、本质要素的严格透析、特征个性的分析把握以及理论逻辑起点的最终落定。本文秘密侦查的本体论，正是从上述本体论的内容出发，进行理论的演绎。

　　所谓秘密侦查，是指为揭露和证实犯罪，侦查机关依照法律规定，对于性质和罪名严重、危害性极强、影响重大的复杂、疑难案件，经过严格的申请和批准程序，在不暴露侦查人员身份、意图、实施中的手段内容及过程、结果的前提下，针对犯罪嫌疑人或与案件相关的第三人所采取的一种侦查行为。它包括的主要要素有：主题 ,即由侦查权的侦查机关；对象，即犯罪嫌疑人和与犯罪案件有关的第三人；运行方式，主要指其行为的运行方式；适用范围，即其应当严格控制在性质和罪行严重、危害性极强、影响重大的复杂疑难案件的范围之下；目的，在于揭露和证实犯罪。秘密侦查的概念最终落定在侦查行为上。究其原因，在于秘密侦查的研究始于法学语境之下概念的确立，但发展却表现着行为的属性。秘密侦查的研究着眼于其法治化，而法治化的一个重要方面就是要具有成体系的法律制度，在此即秘密侦查制度。

　　作为一种不同于一般侦查的“最后手段”,秘密侦查的出现是新时期犯罪形态嬗变和社会控制方式转型的背景下带来的一种抑制、打击、威慑犯罪的“善良的恶”.冠以“秘密”二字给这类措施带来了神秘感，而欺骗性因素的加入又给这类措施带来了法理上的争议。与法定的强制性措施不同，它在实践中表现出的程序上透明而在实施上保密的特征使得秘密侦查更能够适应对抗隐蔽化、智能化、组织化的犯罪。具体而言，秘密侦查的特征包括隐蔽性、特定性、技术性、前摄性、风险性、持续性、脆弱性七大特征。

　　秘密侦查的法制化是我们亟需解决的理论问题，同时也是实践课题。将秘密侦查作为一个课题进行研究不仅可以丰富理论，而且可以为其立法提供理论支持。当前我国关于秘密侦查的专门正式立法没有在公众视野出现，本文以秘密侦查本体论为题，对秘密侦查的概念、对象、目的、程序、期限等进行初步讨论，以促进我国诉讼法学界对此项制度的认识，并对其尽早进行法制化立法。

　　关键词：秘密侦查；本体论；侦查秘密；秘密状态

　　Abstract

　　In the course of the study of social science, ontology is a theory foundation tosupport. It includes the core concept of the theory beyond a single perspective （orcontext） the accurate generalization, essential elements, strict dialysis personalityanalysis grasp and logical starting point of theory ultimately settled. In this paper, thesecret investigation of the ontology, the ontology is the content of the theoreticaldeduction.

　　The so-called secret investigation, is to expose and confirm the crime, theinvestigation organ in accordance with the law, the nature of crime, and serious harmis extremely strong, impact, complex, difficult cases, through the strict applicationand approval procedures, without exposure to identity, intentions, investigators in theimplementation process, the content and means of next, an investigation by thecriminal suspect or the relevant to the case of third people. The main factors whichinclude the theme, namely: the power of investigation the investigation organ; object,namely, criminal suspects and third people with criminal cases; operation mode,operation mode mainly refers to the behavior of the scope of application, namely the;should strictly control the complex and difficult cases, serious in nature and crime isvery harmful, significant under; objective, is to expose and confirm the crime. Theconcept of secret investigation eventually settled in the investigation behavior. Thereason is that, the establishment of secret investigation in the law under the context ofthe concept, but the development is a behavioral attribute. The research of secretinvestigation focus on the rule of law, and an important aspect of the rule of law is tohave a system of legal system, this is the secret investigation system.

　　As a kind of different from the general investigation of the “last resort”, appearedthe secret investigation is a kind of inhibition, blow, deterrence “good evil crime ofnew period and social control mode under the background of transition from”. Knownas the “secret” two words to this kind of measures to bring a sense of mystery, anddeceptive adding factors to these measures brought legal disputes on. Different fromthe statutory mandatory measures, it showed in the practice process transparent andsecure in the implementation of the secret investigation is more able to adapt toagainst covert, intelligent, organized crime. Specifically, the characteristics of secretinvestigation include concealment, specific, technical, proactive, risk, persistent,vulnerability of the seven characteristics.

　　The legalization of secret investigation is not only a theoretical problem is rich incontent, the practice topic but also a urgent, secret investigation as a subject of studycan not only enrich the theory, but also can provide theoretical support for thelegislation. Therefore, based on the ontology as the secret investigation, secretinvestigation on the concept, object, objective, procedure, time limit are discussed, inorder to promote the awareness of this system of our country of procedural law, andthe law of legislation as soon as possible.

　　Keywords: Secret Investigation; Ontology; the Secret of Criminal Investigation; theState of Secret
 

　　目 录

　　中文摘要……Ⅰ

　　英文摘要……Ⅱ

　　目 录…… Ⅳ

　　导 论……1

　　第一章 秘密侦查的本体论初探……2

　　第一节 本体论与社会科学研究中的本体论……2

　　第二节 秘密侦查的本体论……3

　　第二章 不同语境背景下的秘密侦查…… 4

　　第一节 法学语境下秘密侦查的概念…… 4

　　第二节 社会制度语境下的秘密侦查……12

　　第三章 秘密侦查的本质剖析和特性研究……18

　　第一节 侦查中的“秘密”与秘密侦查……18

　　第二节 秘密侦查的内核--秘密状态……24

　　结 语……34

　　参考文献……35