摘 要
随着体育科技的不断进步，越来越多体育用品创新不断涌现，体育用品专利的申请和授权量也不断壮大。目前体育用品专利的转化的相关研究大多基于专利的共性进行，没有针对体育用品自身的特性。另外，厦门市体育用品制造产业经过多年发展聚集了数量众多体育用品生产企业，并形成较为完整的产业集群。因此，在“大力发展体育产业”、“大众创业、万众创新”、“促进科技成果转化”和实施“中国制造 2025”制造强国战略的背景下，对厦门市体育用品专利转化模式进行研究具有重要意义。
本文运用文献资料法、德尔菲法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法，对厦门市体育用品专利转化模式进行研究。通过相关研究综述探讨体育用品专利个性特征。经过两轮德尔菲调查确立了体育用品专利转化影响因素的指标体系。基于指标体系设计问卷对厦门市涉及体育用品专利的企业进行调查，借助 SWOT 分析法对其现状进行分析，发现存在的问题；基于体育用品个性特征，在企业环境分析理论和系统论视角下，提出体育用品专利转化的“四层次叠加互动”模式，并结合发现的问题从政府、企业和社会三个层面提出可行性实施方略。
基于上述研究得出以下结论：体育用品专利转化的个性特征表现在：功能的过程性和服务于人的指向性；种类的丰富性和项目的针对性；创新的时效性和项目的推动性；技术的外部性和产品的可复制性相对较高。体育用品专利转化影响因素的指标体系分为政策法规因素（P）、经济因素（E）、社会因素（S）、和技术因素（T）四维度。调查结果显示体育用品专利存在侵权情况，产品面临“山寨”“仿冒”的威胁。大部分企业专利创新水平和品牌竞争力不高，专利创新延续性和产品的持续性不强。运用企业环境分析理论和系统论思想，将体育用品专利转化看作 PEST“四层次叠加互动”的模式。并结合出现的问题提出实施方略：政府层面上提出，出台积极有效的政策措施促进体育用品专利转化。借助区位优势，促进合作交流；鼓励产学研合作，加快体育用品专利成果产业化；加大专利保护力度；促进知识产权相关领域大胆探索，先行先试；强化落实扶持政策。企业层面上提出，加强企业风险管理意识，建立健全全面风险管理体系；建立企业专利创新发展战略；建立专利预警机制；组建企业专利联盟。社会层面上提出，鼓励发展专业的专利服务机构，建设专利转化平台；注重专利人才培养；发挥体育用品行业协会的组织作用支持专利转化；关注“自由发明人”体育用品专利转化。
关键词： 厦门市；体育用品；专利转化；专利转化模式
AbstractT
his process witnesses the continuous emergence of the innovation of sports goods. As aresult, the amount of sports goods patent applications and authorization has also grown up. Atpresent, the study on the transformation of the patent of sports goods is mainly based on thegeneral character of the patent. In addition, after years of development, the sporting goodsmanufacturing industry of Xiamen has gathered numerous sports and fitness equipmententerprises, forming a relatively complete industrial clusters. Therefore, under the background of“vigorously develop sports industry”, “public entrepreneurship and innovation”, “ promoting thetransformation of achievements in science and technology” and “carrying out the manufacturingpower strategy in 'made in China 2025'plan”, it will undoubtedly have an important practicalsignificance on the transformation of sports goods patent and the development of sporting goodsmanufacturing industry to study the model of sports goods patent transformationThis article uses documentary study, Delphi method, the questionnaire survey method, themathematical statistics method and so on to study the model of sports goods patenttransformation of Xiamen. Through a review of related research of the domestic and foreignpatent transformation, it explores the personality characteristics of sports goods patent, andestablishes the index system about influencing factors of the sports goods patent transformationon the basis of two rounds of Delphi survey. Based on index system, the writer designs aquestionnaire to investigate the enterprises of Xiamen involved in sports goods patent, analyzesthe sports goods patent transformation status of Xiamen by the using of the SWOT analysismethod, and finds the problems; on the basis of the enterprise environment analysis theory andthe system theory, puts forward the “four level stack interaction model” for sports goods patenttransformation and a practical implementation from the three levels of government, enterprisesand the society combining the problems found before.
Based on the study above, this article draws the following conclusions: the patenttransformation of sports goods has distinct “harmony in diversity” with patent transformation inother areas.Performance: first, process of the function and service in the directivity; second,species richness and project targeted; third, innovation time and project promotion; fourth,technological externalities and product can be copied was relatively high. After two rounds ofDelphi survey to establish the index system about influencing factors of the sports goods patenttransformation from the four dimensions of policy and regulation factors （P）， economic factors（E）， social factors （S）， and technical factors （T）。 For the investigation of the patenttransformation of sports goods in Xiamen, the patent transformation is mainly based on theindependent research and development of the enterprise itself, and the transformation of the mainproduction. There is a widespread infringement and the products are facing the threat of “fake”.
Most enterprises' patent innovation level and competitiveness is not high; Patent innovationcontinuity and product continuity is not strong as well as. The “four level stack interaction” modeis that based on the enterprise environment analysis theory and the system theory, viewing thesports goods patent transformation as an organic conversion system from the four dimensions ofpolicies and regulations （P）， economy（E）， society （s） and technology（T）， and every singledimension connecting and interacting with each other. Combined with the problems, put forwardthat on the government level, propose introduction of positive and effective policies andmeasures of sports goods patent transformation; promote the communication and cooperationwith geographical advantages; encourage the cooperation of the enterprises, schools, and studies,and speed up the industrialization of the achievements of sports goods patent; increase patentprotection; promote IPR related field to explore boldly and test first; strengthen implementationof supporting policies. On the enterprise level, increase enterprise risk management awareness,establish and improve the comprehensive risk management system; establish the enterprisepatent strategy of innovation and development; establish patent early warning mechanism; set upthe enterprise patent alliance; on the social level, encourage development of professional patentservices, construct patent transformation platform; pay attention to the cultivation of the patenttalents; play the role of the organization of sports industry association to support thetransformation of patent; pay attention to the sports goods patent transformation of “freeinventor”.
Keywords: Xiamen; Sports goods; Patents transformation;Patents transformation model
目 录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究背景与问题的提出
1.1.1 研究背景
1.1.2 问题的提出
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.2.1 国外专利转化模式研究现状
1.2.2 国内专利转化模式研究现状
1.3 研究目的与意义
1.3.1 研究目的
1.3.2 研究意义
1.4 研究的设计思路与创新点
1.4.1 研究设计思路基本框架
1.4.2 研究的创新点
1.5 研究对象与方法
1.5.1 研究对象
1.5.2 研究方法
第 2 章 相关概念
2.1 体育用品
2.2 体育用品专利
2.3 专利转化
第 3 章 调研结果与分析
3.1 厦门市体育用品专利转化基本情况
3.1.1 专利转化的主要类型
3.1.2 专利状态现状
3.1.3 专利研发及获取形式
3.1.4 专利产品的主要服务人群
3.1.5 专利评奖情况
3.1.6 专利研发动机
3.1.7 专利转化形式
3.1.8 专利保护意识
3.2 厦门市体育用品专利转化的影响因素
3.2.1 专利转化政策法规因素
3.2.2 专利转化经济因素
3.2.3 专利转化社会因素
3.2.4 专利转化技术因素
3.3 厦门市体育用品专利转化 SWOT 分析
3.3.1 厦门市体育用品专利转化的优势（S）分析
3.3.2 厦门市体育用品专利转化的劣势（W）分析
3.3.3 厦门市体育用品专利转化的机会（O）分析
3.3.4 厦门市体育用品专利转化的威胁（T）分析
第 4 章 厦门市体育用品专利转化模式及构建
4.1 厦门市体育用品专利转化“四层次叠加互动”模式的理论依据
4.1.1 企业环境分析理论
4.1.2 系统论
4.2 “四层次叠加互动”模式构成要素及其运行机制解析
4.2.1 政策法规层面（P）
4.2.2 经济层面（E）
4.2.3 社会层面（S）
4.2.4 技术层面（T）
第 5 章 厦门市体育用品专利转化模式实施方略
5.1 政府层面
5.1.1 出台积极有效的政策措施促进体育用品专利转化
5.1.2 借助区位优势，促进合作交流
5.1.3 鼓励产学研合作，加快体育用品专利成果转化
5.1.4 加大专利保护力度
5.1.5 促进知识产权相关领域大胆探索，先行先试
5.1.6 强化落实扶持政策
5.2 企业层面
5.2.1 加强企业风险管理意识，建立健全全面风险管理体系
5.2.2 建立并实施企业专利创新发展战略
5.2.3 建立企业专利预警机制
5.2.4 组建企业专利联盟
5.3 社会层面
5.3.1 鼓励发展专业的专利服务机构，建设专利转化平台
5.3.2 注重专利人才培养
5.3.3 发挥体育用品行业协会的组织作用支持专利转化
5.3.4 关注“自由发明人”体育用品专利转化
第 6 章 结论与展望
6.1 结论
6.2 研究的不足与展望
致 谢
参考文献
