驰名商标认定与保护的相关问题探究

　　摘 要

　　本文以“论驰名商标的认定与特殊保护”为题，就驰名商标的认定与保护的相关问题作出了研究与探讨。

　　首先，文章论述了驰名商标的基本原理。首先通过《巴黎公约》、TRIPs协定与《联合建议》与我国法律中关于驰名商标的相关规定为驰名商标的含义做出了基本的界定。我国目前对驰名商标的定义为：“在中国境内为相关公众广为知晓的商标。”然后将驰名商标与着名商标、知名商标以及名牌等概念做出了分析与辨析，从而引出了最后一部分关于驰名商标区别于普通商标的几点特殊特征：在相当规模的地域范围内具有较高的知名度；必须是为相关公众所熟知的商标；在市场上具有较长时期的使用性；既可以是注册商标，也可以是未注册商标；且须经本国本国法定机关认定。

　　其次，对驰名商标的认定的相关问题做出了分析。首先，从驰名商标的地域范围、相关公众与知名度三个层面剖析了认定驰名商标时需考虑的标准。笔者从中得出了不能对商标单纯进行驰名与不驰名的区别的结论，若认定一个商标是否驰名，应是在一定的地域范围内的相关公众对该商标的知晓度进行的考查结果。其次对驰名商标的认定方法进行了分类论述，我国目前存在行政认定与司法认定两种认定方法，文中各自分析了这两种模式的优缺点，肯定了我国目前以行政认定为主、司法认定为辅的双轨制认定方法的合理性。同时对我国司法认定的性质做出了分析，认定其为事实认定，并得出了当事人确认驰名商标的诉讼请求不适于在判决书的主文中予以认定的结论。

　　再次，文章对驰名商标特殊保护制度做出了现实考量。首先,阐述了国际公约中关于驰名商标保护的规定及其发展,并对了《巴黎公约》、TRIPs 协定以及《联合建议》各自的优缺点进行了辨析。《巴黎公约》首次明确了驰名商标制度并且突破了之前的商标地域性的理论；TRIPs 协定将驰名商标的保护范围从商品商标延伸到了服务商标，且将保护范围扩大到禁止在不类似的商品或服务上使用与驰名商标相同或近似的标识；《联合建议》将驰名商标的保护范围扩大到未注册商标，并将驰名商标的客体范围再度延伸，扩大到厂商名称、域名等商业标记上，进一步加大了保护力度。其次，介绍了其他国家在驰名商标保护制度的立法及实践。美国对于驰名商标保护制度的贡献体现于反淡化理论，文中对反淡化理论的定义及其三种表现形式作出了基本阐述。同时笔者也对法国与日本关于驰名商标保护的立法中值得我国借鉴的部分做出了相关介绍，以期使我国的驰名商标保护制度更为进步。

　　最后，文章解读了我国驰名商标特殊保护制度。首先，回顾了我国关于驰名商标保护立法的规定及发展，从我国第一部明确驰名商标保护的规范性文件——《驰名商标认定和管理暂行规定》入手，重点分析了我国 2013 年《商标法》第三次修正案的内容。其次，笔者对我国驰名商标保护的完善提出了几点建议：完善驰名商标的认定标准；妥善处理行政认定与司法认定的关系；完善我国驰名商标反淡化制度；以及完善驰名商标与域名冲突时的特殊保护。

　　关键词：驰名商标，认定，特殊保护

　　Abstract

　　This paper, titled "Analysis on the Determination and Special Protection of theWell 一 known Trademarks",made a research and discussion on the related problemsof well-known trademark determination and protection.The paper is divided into fourparts.

　　The first chapter discussed the basic theory of well-known trademark. Firstthrough the "Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property", “AgreementOn Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right” and "Joint RecommendationConcerning Provisions on the Protection of Well-Known Marks" and our country lawabout the well-known trademark of the relevant provisions for the well-knowntrademark meaning make the basic definition. At present,the definition of thewell-known trademark is that in the territory of China widely known marks by therelevant public brand.Then I make an analysis and discrimination about the conceptof well-known trademark,famous trademark, well-known trademark and brand, whichleads to the last part of the several special features of well-known trademark thatdistinguishes itself with common trademark: high recognition in the considerable sizeof the geographical range; highly known by the public; a long period usability in themarket; not necessary whether the trademark is registered or not; and a request ofidentifying by the national legal authorities.

　　The second chapter is about the recognition of well-known trademark. First ofall, I made an analysis on the factors that need to be consider when recognizingwell-known trademark through three levels which is the well-known trademarkgeographical range, the relevant public and visibility. I drew the conclusion that it’simproper to simply divide marks into well-known trademarks and not well-knowntrademark. When considering the trademark is well-known or not, it supposed to be acombine result of geographical range,the relevant public and visibility.Secondly Idisserted the recognition methods of well-known trademark systematically.There aretwo methods in China at present—administrative identification and judicialidentification.I analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each of these two kindsof mode, and I affirmed the rationality of our current mode of recognition which isbase on administrative identification and supplemented by judicial identification. AndI found the nature of our judicial determination of factual determination and drew theparties confirm the claim is not suitable for well-known trademarks in the main textof the judgment of the conclusions to be identified.

　　The third chapter is about the practical considerations about the well-knowntrademark . Firstly, I introduced legislation of the international conventions on theprotection of well-known trademark .and I analyzed the the advantages anddisadvantages of the three international Conventions above. " Paris Convention on theProtection of Industrial Property" for the first time defined the well-known trademarksystem and broke the previous mark territorial theory.“Agreement On Trade-relatedAspects of Intellectual Property Right” extended the scope of well-known trademarksobject from the trade marks to the service marks , and extended the scope ofprotection to prohibit not similar goods or use the same or similar services andwell-known trademarks. "Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on theProtection of Well-Known Marks" expanded the scope of protection to unregisteredwell-known trademarks , and once again extended the scope of well-knowntrademarks object to the vendor name, domain name and other commercial mark ,which leaded to further increased protection. Secondly, I made an introduction ofother national legislation and practice in their well-known trademark protectionsystem . America 's contribution to the well-known trademark protection regimeembodied in the anti- dilution theory .The definition and the three manifestations ofanti- dilution theory made a fundamental elaboration in the paper. At the same time ,Ialso introduced French and Japanese legislation on the protection of well-knowntrademark which is worth our reference in order to make our well-known trademarkprotection system more progressive .

　　Chapter four is about the interpretation of well-known trademarks of specialprotection system in China. Firstly,I reviewed the development of regulations andlegislation concerning the protection of well-known trademarks in China, from thefirst well-known trademark protection of a clear normative documents - "well-knowntrademark recognition and management Interim Provisions" to the 2013"TrademarkLaw "Content third amendment. Secondly, I made some suggestions about improvethe well-known trademark protection in China: improve the standard of well-knowntrademark determination; properly handle the administrative and judicialdetermination of the relationship identified; improve our well-known trademarkanti-dilution system; and improve the conflicts between well-known trademark anddomain name conflicts when it comes to special protection.

　　Key Words:Well-known Trademark，Determination，Special Protection
 

　　目 录

　　引 言

　　一、驰名商标的基本原理

　　（一）驰名商标的含义

　　（二）驰名商标与相关概念的辨析

　　（三）驰名商标的特征

　　二、驰名商标认定的标准与方法

　　（一）驰名商标的认定标准

　　（二）驰名商标的认定方法

　　三、驰名商标特殊保护制度的现实考量

　　（一）驰名商标特殊保护的国际立法

　　（二）美国、法国、日本驰名商标特殊保护的立法

　　四、中国驰名商标特殊保护制度解读

　　（一）中国驰名商标保护的相关立法规定及发展

　　（二）中国驰名商标保护的完善

　　结 论

　　参考文献

　　致 谢

    引 言

　　在世界经济日趋全球化的今天，国与国之间、地区与地区之间、国家与地区之间平等的贸易往来活动更加频繁，其相互间影响、相互进步的作用比之前任何时期都更为突出。此时，驰名商标因其具有的区别商品来源和表彰功能则在各国之间的经贸活动中占有越来越重要的地位。拥有驰名商标，尤其是拥有国际性驰名商标的数目通常可以体现出一个国家经济实力的强弱。对于消费者而言，驰名商标意味着优良的商品质量和较高的企业信誉；而对驰名商标持有人而言，驰名商标意味着较高的市场占有率和较强的创利能力。然而，商标具有越高的知名度，其成为不法商人的侵害对象的可能性便越高。因此，如何对驰名商标进行合理的保护，就成为知识产权领域中世界各国所关注的焦点。

　　驰名商标的认定与保护问题为我国知识产权界最近几年所关注的研究焦点之一，笔者针对该选题，在中国学术期刊网、中国知网以及国家图书馆的相关信息进行了检索与查阅。研究发现，国内对其进行专门研究的论着为有黄晖先生的《驰名商标和着名商标的法律保护》和胡淑珠女士的《驰名商标的认定与保护》，除此之外，还有一些相关的博、硕士的学术论文。已有的研究成果较注重对驰名商标的含义、特征、认定和保护措施的描述及对国外驰名商标保护制度的介绍，而关于驰名商标的制度设计和法律保护体系建构上的有关内容涉及较少。由此可看出，我国对驰名商标认定和保护的理论研究还有待于深化和突破。

　　本文从驰名商标的理论分析入手，在剖析国际公约与我国在界定驰名商标定义上的历史发展与现状的基础上，分析其主要特征，充分考察国际公约与国外部分国家驰名商标的特殊保护，对中国驰名商标保护的相关立法规定和背景进行分析，探讨我国驰名商标保护现状的不足并提出相应建议，以期使我国的驰名商标保护得到进一步完善。