¡¡¡¡Õª Òª£º¡¡ãÆÓÀ±òÈÏΪ£¬Ê³»ý²»½öÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¼²²¡£¬»¹¿É×÷Ϊ²¡Ð°»¯ÈÈ¡¢»¯Óô¡¢»¯Êª£¬ÖÎÁÆÊ³»ý²»½öÒªÏû»ýµ¼ÖÍ£¬½¡ÔËÆ¢Î¸£¬»¹ÐèÇåÈÈ¡¢ÐÐÆø½âÓô¡¢·Ö½âʪÈÈ¡¢Ðû³©Æø»ú¡£Ê³»ý»¯ÈÈÖ¤£¬ÒÔÇåÈȵ¼ÖÍ¡¢Ïû»ýºÍÖÐΪÖÎÔò£¬·½ÓÃè×ʵµ¼ÖÍÍè¼Ó¼õ£¬Ò»°ãÈ¥´ó»Æ£¬ÒÔ·ÀÆä¿àº®ÉËÕý¡£Ê³»ý»¯ÓôÖ¤£¬ÒÔ·öÆ¢¿ªÓô¡¢ÐÐÆøÏûʳΪÖÎÔò£¬³£ÓÃÔ½¾Ï±£ºÍÍè¼Ó¼õ£¬ÆøÓôÖØÕß¼ÓľÏã¡¢³ÂƤÐÐÆø½¡Æ¢Ïûʳ£»ÑªÓôÖØÕß¼ÓÆÑ»Æ¡¢ÎåÁéÖ¬»îѪ»¯ðö£»Ê³ÓôÖØÕß¼ÓéÄÀÆÐÐÆøÉ±³æÏû»ý¡£Ê³»ý»¯ÊªÖ¤£¬ÒÔÇåÈÈ»¯Êª¡¢Ðû³©Æø»ú¡¢Ïûʳ»¯»ýΪÖÎÔò£¬·½ÓÃÈýÈÊÌÀ¼Ó¼õ£¬¼æÓÐÆ¢ÐéÕߣ¬¼ÓÌ«×Ó²ÎÇ岹Ƣθ¡£ãÆÀÏʦÈÏΪ£¬Ê³»ýËäÊôʵ֤£¬µ«³£ÐéÖмÐʵ£¬Æ¢³£²»×ãΪ·¢²¡Ö®±¾£¬Æ½ËØÐè×¢ÖØÒûʳµ÷»¤£¬¹Ë»¤Æ¢Î¸£¬·Àֹʳ»ý¸´·¢»òת»¯ÎªËûÖ¤¡£
¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü´Ê : ʳ»ý;С¶ù;ʳ»ý»¯ÈÈÖ¤;ʳ»ý»¯ÓôÖ¤;ʳ»ý»¯ÊªÖ¤;ãÆÓÀ±ò;
¡¡¡¡Abstract£º¡¡Yan Yong-bin believes that food retention is not only a disease, but also one that can transform heat, depression and dampness into pathogens.The treatment of food retention not only needs to eliminate accumulation and guide stagnation, strengthen the spleen and stomach, but also needs to clear away heat, move qi and relieve depression, decompose dampness-heat and promote qi movement.For food retention transforming into heat syndrome, the principle of clearing heat and guiding stagnation, eliminating accumulation and harmonizing the middle energizer is adopted.Modified Immature Bitter Orange Stagnation-Moving Pills can be used, and Dahuang(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) is generally removed to prevent its bitter cold from hurting the body's healthy qi.For food retention transforming into depression syndrome, For the syndrome of food accumulation and depression, the treatment principle is to reinforce the spleen and relieve depression, move qi and eliminate food retention.Modified Constraint-Resolving and Harmony-Preserving Pills can be used.For those with severe qi depression, Muxiang(Radix Aucklandiae) and Chenpi(Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) are added to move qi and strengthen the spleen and eliminate food retention.For those with severe blood depression, Puhuang(Pollen Typhae) and Wulingzhi(Faeces Trogopterori) are added to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis.For those with severe food depression, Binglang(Semen Arecae) is added to move qi and kill insects and eliminate accumulation.For food retention transforming into dampness syndrome, the treatment principle is to clear heat and resolve dampness, dissipate qi movement and remove food accumulation.Modified Three Kernels Decoction is often used.The prescription is modified with Sanren decoction.For those combined with spleen deficiency, Taizishen(Radix Pseudostellariae) is added to nourish the spleen and stomach by using clearing method.Professor Yan believes that although food retention belongs to deficiency syndrome, it often has the feature of deficiency and excess in complexity.Spleen deficiency is the origin of the disease.We should pay attention to diet care, take care of the spleen and stomach, and prevent the recurrence of food retention from transforming into other syndromes.
¡¡¡¡Keyword£º¡¡food retention; children; food retention transforming into heat syndrome; food retention transforming into depression syndrome; food retention transforming into dampness syndrome; Yan Yong-bin;
¡¡¡¡Ð¡¶ùʳ»ýÊÇÖ¸Òûʳ²»µ±£¬ËðÉËÆ¢Î¸£¬ÒýÆðʳÎï»ýÖÍÓÚÄÚ£¬³öÏÖ¸¹ÕÍ¡¢¸¹Í´¡¢Å»Í»òйкµÄÒ»ÖÖ²¡Ö¢[1]¡£Èô»ý¾Ã²»Ïû£¬Ç¨ÑÓʧÖΣ¬¿É·¢Õ¹Îªðá»ý£¬¼´ÏÖ´úÒ½Ñ§Ö®ÓªÑø²»Á¼¡¢Æ¶Ñª¡¢ØþÙͲ¡¡¢°«Ð¡Ö¢µÈ¡£Î÷Ò½³£²ÉÓôÙθ¶¯Á¦Ò©¡¢ÖúÏû»¯Ò©¡¢ÒÖÖÆÎ¸Ëá·ÖÃÚÒ©µÈ¶ÔÖ¢ÖÎÁÆ[2],µ«³£Öα겻Öα¾¡£ãÆÓÀ±ò½ÌÊÚΪºÓÄÏÖÐÒ½Ò©´óѧ˶ʿÑо¿Éúµ¼Ê¦£¬È«¹úÓÅÐãÖÐÒ½ÁÙ´²È˲ţ¬È«¹úÃûÀÏÖÐҽҩר¼ÒѧÊõ¾Ñé¼Ì³ÐÈË£¬´ÓÊÂÁÙ´²ºÍ¿ÆÑй¤×÷30ÓàÄ꣬Éó¤ÔËÓÃÖÐÒ½Ò©·ÀÖÎС¶ùÏû»¯ÏµÍ³¼²²¡£¬±ÊÕßÓÐÐÒ¸úÕÏÖ½«ãÆÀÏʦÖÎÁÆÐ¡¶ùʳ»ý¾Ñé½éÉÜÈçÏ¡£
¡¡¡¡1¡¢ ²¡Òò²¡»ú
¡¡¡¡¡¶ÖԴºòÂÛ¡¤Ð¡¶ùÔÓ²¡Öîºò¡·ÑÔ£º¡°ËÞʳ²»Ïûºò¡¡Ê³É˱¥ºò¡£¡±¡¶¾°ÔÀÈ«Ê顤С¶ùÔò¡·ÔÆ£º¡°¸ÇС¶ùÖ®²¡£¬·ÇÍâ¸Ð·çº®£¬ÔòÄÚÉËÒûʳ¡£¡±¡¶Ö¢ÒòÂöÖΡ·Ìá³öÁË¡°Ê³»ý¿ÈËÔ¡±¡°Ê³»ý´Ä桱¡°Ê³»ýйк¡±¡°Ê³»ý¸¹Í´¡£¡±Ê³»ý¿ÉÓÕ·¢Ð¡¶ù¸Ðð¡¢·¢ÈÈ¡¢Èé¶ê¡¢¿È´¡¢¸¹Í´¡¢ÍÂк¡¢Ñáʳ¡¢µÁº¹¡¢Ò¹Ìä¡¢³é´¤¡¢ÒÅÄòµÈ[3]¡£Ê³»ý²¡»úΪС¶ùƢθ±¡Èõ¡¢Òûʳ²»Öª×Ô½Ú¡¢¼Ò³¤Î¹Ñø²»µ±»òµ÷»¤²»ÖÜ£¬ÖÂÈéʳͣ¾ÛÖÐë䣬»ý¶ø²»»¯£¬ÆøÖͲ»ÐС£±Ï¿É¶÷½«Ð¡¶ùʳ»ý»®·ÖΪ¡°Ê³»ýÔçÆÚ¡¢Ê³»ý»¯ÈÈ¡¢ÓôÈÈÉ˽ò¡¢Æ¢Î¸²¢ÉË¡±4¸ö½×¶Î[4],ÕŽ鰲[5]ÈÏΪ£¬Ê³»ý·ÖÉËʳÔçÆÚ¡¢Ê³Óô»¯ÈÈ¡¢ÉËËðÔªÆø3¸ö½×¶Î¡£
¡¡¡¡2¡¢ ʳ»ý¼æÖ¤
¡¡¡¡¡¶Ó׿Ʒ¢»Ó¡·ÔÆ£º¡°Æ¢Î¸×³Êµ£¬ËÄÖ«°²Äþ£¬Æ¢Î¸ÐéÈõ£¬°Ù²¡·åÆð¡£¡±Æ¢Î¸ÄËÕýÆøÖ®±¾£¬ÕýÆøÐéÔò°Ù²¡Ê¼Éú[6]¡£Ð¡¶ùÔ฽¿ÄÛ£¬Æ¢Î¸Ö®Ìå³É¶øÎ´È«£¬Æ¢Î¸Ö®ÆøÈ«¶øÎ´×³£¬¡¶Ó¤Í¯°ÙÎÊ¡·ÑÔ£º¡°´ËÓÉÒûʳÎÞ¶È£¬¶à²Í¹ý±¥£¬±¥ºó¼´Ë¯µÃÖ®£¬ÊÇΪʳ»ý¡£¡±ãÆÀÏʦÈÏΪ£¬Ð¡¶ùʳ»ýÄÚÒòΪƢ²»×㣬ÍâÒòΪÒûʳʧÒË£¬¿É»¯ÈÈ¡¢»¯Óô¡¢»¯Êª¡£Ê³»ýÄڴ棬Ê×ÉËÆ¢Î¸£¬Æ¢Ê§ÔË»¯£¬ÖÂË®¹È¾«Î¢Êä²¼Õϰ£¬Ê³»ýÈվã¬ÊªÈÈÄÚÊ¢£¬¿É³öÏÖʳ»ý»¯ÊªÖ¤£»Ë®¹È¾«Î¢²»ÄÜÉÏÊäÓڷΣ¬Ä¸²¡¼°×Ó£¬ÀÛ¼°ÓڷΣ¬·Î½ðÊܸУ¬¿É¼ûʳ»ý»¯ÈÈÖ¤£»Æ¢Ê§½¡ÔË£¬Ë®¹È¾«Î¢²»×ã£¬ÆøÑªÉú»¯·¦Ô´£¬¸ÎÌåÎÞÒÔå¦Ñø¶ø¸ÎÆøÓôÖÍ£¬¿É¼ûʳ»ý»¯ÓôÖ¤¡£
¡¡¡¡2.1¡¢ ʳ»ý»¯ÈÈÖ¤
¡¡¡¡Ò¶ÌìÊ¿¡¶ÁÙÖ¤Ö¸ÄÏÒ½°¸¡¤Ó׿ÆÒªÂÔ¡·¼ÇÔØ£º¡°ñßñÙС¶ù£¬ÌåÊô´¿Ñô£¬Ëù»¼ÈȲ¡×î¶à¡£¡±ãÆÀÏʦÈÏΪ£¬Ð¡¶ùÄË´¿ÑôÖ®Ì壬ʳ»ýÈվã¬Ò×´ÓÑô»¯ÈÈ£¬¿É³öÏÖ·¢ÈÈ£¬·¢ÈÈÌØµãΪ£ºÒÔÖжȷ¢ÈÈ (38.5 ¡æ×óÓÒ) ΪÖ÷£¬Å¼¼û¸ßÈÈ£¬¶à¼ûÓÚÎçºó¼°Ò¹¼ä£»ÊÖ×ãÐÄÈÈ£¬¶ÇÈÈÃ÷ÏÔ£¬°éÓв»Ë¼Òûʳ¡¢¿Ú´½¸Éºì¡¢¿Ú³ô¡¢¸¹ÕÍ»òÍ´¡¢ÆêÖÜ¿ÉÓÐÇáѹʹ¡¢´ó±ã¸É¡¢Ð¡±ã»Æ¡¢ÉàÖʺ졢̦»ÆÄå»òºñÄå¡¢Âö»¬Êý¡£»¯ÈÈÈվã¬ÉÏѬÑÊºí£¬×Æ¸¯¼¡Ä¤£¬À£Àû¯Å§£¬¸¯Å§³ÉƬ£¬·¢ÎªÈé¶ê¡£¸ÃÖ¤²¡»ú¹Ø¼üΪʳÖÍÖн¹£¬Æø»úÓôÖÍ£¬Óô¾Ã»¯ÈÈ¡£ÕýÈç¡¶·ëÊϽõÄÒÃØÂ¼¡¤ÔÓÖ¢´óСºÏ²Î¡¤Ó׿Ʒ¢ÈÈÂÛÖ¤¡·Ëµ£º¡°ÂÛ·òС¶ùÆøÙ÷´¿Ñô£¬ÑªÆøÛÕÊ¢£¬¹ÊÔà¸Ò×ÓÚÉúÈÈ£¬ÒõÑôÆø±ä£¬Þ¹ÕôÓÚÍ⣬ÖÂÁîÉíÈÈÒ²¡£¡±ãÆÀÏʦ¶àÓÃè×ʵµ¼ÖÍ·½Ïû»ýìîÈÈ£¬»ýÖÍÏûÔòÄÚÈÈÔÌÕôÎÞÔ´[7]¡£
¡¡¡¡Ñé°¸1:»¼¶ù£¬ÄУ¬5Ëê3¸öÔ£¬2020Äê8ÔÂ22ÈÕ³õÕï¡£Ö÷ËߣºÒ×Èé¶ê£¬Ò×·¢ÈÈ£¬Ô¼Ã¿ÔÂ1´Î¡£»¼¶ùÆ½ËØÌôʳ£¬ÉàÖʺ죬̦±¡»Æ£¬ÂöÊý£¬Ö¤Êôʳ»ý»¯ÈÈÖ¤£¬ÖÎÒÔÇåÈÈÏû»ýµ¼ÖÍ£¬Ò©Îï×é³É£ºôï³´è×ʵ6 g, ʯ¸à 30 g, ³´ÉñÇú10 g, ½¹É½é«10 g, ÜòÜß10 g, »ÆÜË10 g, »ÆÁ¬6 g, ôï³´°×Êõ12 g, Ôóк10 g, °×»¨ÉßÉà²Ý 20 g¡£¿ÅÁ£¼Á£¬14¼Á£¬ÈÕ1¼Á£¬Ë®³å·þ¡£¸´·½Ð¡¶ù¼¦ÄÚ½ð¾×½ÀƬ3ºÐ£¬Ð¡¶ùʳ»ý¸à8Ìù£¬ÌùÓÚÉñãÚѨ£¬ÈÕ1´Î£¬Ã¿´Î4¡«6 h¡£
¡¡¡¡°´£ºÈé¶ê¶àΪ·ÎθÓôÈÈ£¬Ñ¬ÕôÑʺíËùÖ¡£±¾Àý»¼¶ùÆ½ËØÒûʳ²»½Ú£¬Ê³ÖÍÖн¹£¬Óô¶ø»¯ÈÈ£¬·üÈÈÉϳåÑÊºí£¬·¢ÎªÈé¶ê¡£ÉÏ·½ÖÐʯ¸à¸Êº®£¬Çå·ÎθʵÈÈ£¬»ÆÜË¡¢»ÆÁ¬¿àº®ÇåÈÈ£¬ÜòÜß¡¢°×Êõ½¡Æ¢ÀíÆø£¬ÇÒ·À»ÆÜË¡¢»ÆÁ¬¿àº®ÉË裬³´ÉñÇú¡¢½¹É½é«ÏûʳÖúÔË£¬°×»¨ÉßÉà²ÝÇåÈȽⶾ¡£¸¨ÒÔ¸´·½Ð¡¶ù¼¦ÄÚ½ð¾×½ÀƬ½¡Æ¢¿ªÎ¸Ïû»ý£¬ÏÖ´úÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬¼¦ÄÚ½ðº¬ÓжàÖÖ°±»ùËᡢάÉúËØ¡¢Î¸¼¤ËØ¡¢Àà½Çµ°°×¼°Î¸µ°°×øµÈ£¬¾ßÓÐÔöǿθҺ·ÖÃÚ¡¢´Ù½øÏû»¯¡¢¼Ó¿ìθÅſյÄ×÷ÓÃ[8,9]¡£ÅäÒÔʳ»ý¸àѨλÌù·óÉñãÚѨ£¬ÓÉÌå±íͨ´ïÔร¬·¢»Ó½¡Æ¢Ïû»ýµÄ×÷ÓÃ[10]¡£
¡¡¡¡2.2 ¡¢Ê³»ý»¯ÓôÖ¤
¡¡¡¡¸ÎΪ¸ÕÔ࣬ϲÌõ´ï£¬Ö÷Êèй£¬ÆäÊèй¹¦ÄÜÒÀÀµÆ¢Î¸µÄ½¡ÔË£¬Æ¢Ê§½¡ÔË£¬Èéʳͣ¾ÛÖн¹£¬»ý¶ø²»»¯£¬ÆøÖͲ»ÐУ¬Ë®¹È¾«Î¢Êä²¼Õϰ£¬ÆøÑªÉú»¯·¦Ô´£¬¸ÎÌåÎÞÒÔå¦ÑøÖÂ¸ÎÆøÓôÖÍ¡£¸ÎÊèй¹¦ÄÜʧµ÷¿ÉÖÂÐØÃÆÌ«Ï¢¡¢ÄÉ´ô¸¹ÕÍ¡¢³¦Ãùйк¡¢Æ¢Æø¼±Ôê¡¢Ò×Å[11]¡£ÓÇ˼ÉËÆ¢£¬Æ¢²»ÉýÇ壬θ²»½µ×Ç£¬¿ÉÖ»ðÓô¡¢Ê³Óô£¬ÉõÖÁÖÂʪÓôºÍ̵Óô¡£ÆøÐÐÔòѪÐУ¬Æø³©Ôò̵¡¢»ð¡¢Êª¡¢Ê³Óô½Ô½â¡£ãÆÀÏʦ³£ÒÔÔ½¾Ï±£ºÍÍèÐÐÆø½âÓô£¬Ïûʳ»¯ÖÍ¡£
¡¡¡¡Ñé°¸2:»¼¶ù£¬ÄУ¬3Ëê9¸öÔ£¬2020Äê9ÔÂ23ÈÕ³õÕï¡£Ö÷ËߣºÄɲî1¸öÔÂÓà¡£»¼¶ùÆ½ËØ¿Ú³ô£¬Ò׸Ðð£¬Ò×Ñʺ죬ҹÃßÇ·°²£¬Æ¢Æø¼±Ô꣬´ó±ã¸É£¬1¡«2ÈÕ1ÐУ¬Ð¡±ãÕý³££¬ÉàÖʺ죬̦±¡»Æ£¬ÂöÊý¡£Õï¶ÏΪʳ»ý»¯ÓôÖ¤(ʳ¡¢»ð¡¢ÆøÓôΪÖ÷),¸øÓèÔ½¾Ï±£ºÍÍèÖÎÁÆ£¬Ò©Îï×é³É£º´×Ï㸽10 g, ´¨Üº5 g, ³´èÙ×Ó10 g, ôï³´²ÔÊõ 10 g, ³´ÉñÇú10 g, ½¹É½é«10 g, ÜòÜß10 g, ³ÂƤ 6 g, Á¬ÇÌ10 g, ³´À³ÝÊ×Ó10 g, ·¨°ëÏÄ6 g, éÄÀÆ10 g, ôï³´è×ʵ6 g, ľÏã10 g, èÁèËÒ¶6 g¡£¿ÅÁ£¼Á£¬7¼Á£¬ÈÕ1¼Á£¬Ë®³å·þ¡£¸´·½Ð¡¶ù¼¦ÄÚ½ð¾×½ÀƬ2ºÐ£¬Ð¡¶ùʳ»ý¸à8Ìù£¬ÌùÓÚÉñãÚѨ£¬ÈÕ1´Î£¬Ã¿´Î4¡«6 h¡£
¡¡¡¡°´£º±¾Àý»¼¶ùÒÔʳ¡¢»ð¡¢ÆøÓôΪÖ÷£¬µ±ÖÎÒÔ·öÆ¢¿ªÓô¡¢ÐÐÆøÏûʳ£¬·½Ñ¡Ô½¾Ï±£ºÍÍè¼Ó¼õ¡£·½Öд×Ï㸽ÐÐÆø½âÓô£¬´¨Üº»îÆøÐÐѪ£¬ÉñÇú¡¢É½é«ÏûʳºÍ裬±£ºÍÍèÏûʳ»¯ÖÍ£¬ÀíÆøºÍθ£¬Ä¾Ïã¡¢è×ʵÀíÆøºÍ裬éÄÀÆÐÐθ³¦Ö®Æø£¬Ïû»ýµ¼ÖÍ£¬èÁèËÒ¶½µÎ¸Æø£¬Çå·ÎÈÈ¡£Ñо¿±íÃ÷£¬Ô½¾Ï±£ºÍÍè¾ßÓмӿìθÅſա¢Ôö¼Ó³¦µÀÈ䶯¡¢¼Óǿθµ°°×ø»îÐԵŦÄÜ[12]¡£
¡¡¡¡2.3¡¢ ʳ»ý»¯ÊªÖ¤
¡¡¡¡Æ¢Î¸ÊÇÆø»úÉý½µÊàŦ£¬Æ¢Ö÷ÔË»¯£¬Î¸Ö÷ÊÜÄÉ£¬Æ¢ÆøÉ¢¾«£¬Æ¢Î¸ÔË»¯Ê§Ë¾£¬¿ÉÖÂʪаÄÚÉú£¬ÈÈ¾ÛÆ¢Î¸£¬ÊªÈÈÄÚÊ¢£¬³öÏÖÄɲŻÍ¡¢¸¹ÕÍÂúÃÆ£¬±ãä硢йкµÈÖ¢¡£Ð¡¶ùÆ¢³£²»×㣬Èéʳ²»Öª×Ô½Ú£¬Æ«Ê³ÊÈʳ¡¢±©Òû±©Ê³£¬»ò¹ýʳ·Ê¸ÊºñÄ壬¼åÕ¨ÖËŸ¹£¬ÉúÈÈÖúʪ£¬ÖÂθ֮ÂöÂç±ÕÈû²»Í¨£¬ÕýÈçѦÉú°×Ëù˵£º¡°Ì«ÒõÄÚÉË£¬ÊªÒûÍ£¾Û£¬¿ÍаÔÙÖÁ£¬ÄÚÍâÏàÒý£¬¹Ê²¡ÊªÈÈ¡£¡±ãÆÀÏʦÒÔÈýÈÊÌÀÇåÈÈ»¯Êª£¬Ðû³©Æø»ú£¬Ïûʳ»¯»ý£¬ÁÆÐ§ÏÔ×Å¡£
¡¡¡¡Ñé°¸3:»¼¶ù£¬ÄУ¬3Ëê6¸öÔ£¬2020Äê8ÔÂ28ÈÕ³õÕï¡£Ö÷ËߣºÄɲî2¸öÔÂÓà¡£»¼¶ù½ü2¸öÔÂÓàÄɲ¶ñÐÄ£¬¸¹ÕÍ£¬ÎÞ¸¹Í´£¬ÉàÖʺ죬̦»¬Ä壬Âö»¬¡£Õï¶Ï£ºÊ³»ý£¬Öн¹ÊªÈÈÖ¤£¬ÖÎÒÔÇåÈÈ»¯Êª£¬Ïûʳ»¯»ý¡£·½Ñ¡ÈýλÌÀ¼Ó¼õ£¬Ò©Îï×é³É£ºôï³´Þ²ÜÓÈÊ20 g, µÖñÒ¶10 g, ½ªºñÆÓ6 g, ½ª°ëÏÄ6 g, »¬Ê¯10 g, ³´¿àÐÓÈÊ10 g, ½¹É½é«10 g, ³´ÉñÇú10 g, ͨ²Ý3 g, ¶¹Þ¢3 g, Ì«×ӲΠ10 g, ¹ãÞ½Ïã10 g¡£¿ÅÁ£¼Á£¬14¼Á£¬ÈÕ1¼Á£¬Ë®³å·þ¡£¸´·½Ð¡¶ù¼¦ÄÚ½ð¾×½ÀƬ1ºÐ£¬¼ÉʳÉúÀä¡¢ÌðÄå¡¢ÐÁÀ±Ö®Îï¡£ÖÎÁÆ2Öܺó£¬Äɲî¼õÇᣬżÓиÉÅ»£¬ÎÞ¶ñÐÄ£¬ÎÞ¸¹ÕÍ£¬¶þÕïÔÚÔ·½»ù´¡ÉÏÈ¥¹ãÞ½Ï㣬¼Ó²Ïɳ»¯ÊªºÍθ¡£1Öܺóµç»°Ëæ·Ã£¬»¼¶ùÄÉʳ¿É£¬ÎÞ¶ñÐÄ¡¢Å»Í£¬ÎÞ¸¹ÕÍ¡£
¡¡¡¡°´£º±¾Àý»¼¶ùΪʳ»ýÖн¹ÊªÈÈÖ¤£¬ÖÎÒÔÇåÈÈ»¯Êª¡¢Ïû»ýµ¼ÖÍ¡¢Ðû³©Æø»ú¡£·½ÖÐÐÓÈÊÐûÉϽ¹Æø»ú£¬¶¹Þ¢³©Öн¹ÊªÖÍ£¬»¯×ÇÀíÆø£¬Þ²ÜÓÈÊ񾮢£¬ÉøÏ½¹ÊªÈÈ£¬Ê¹ÊªÈÈ´Ó϶øì»¬Ê¯ÇåÈÈìîʪ£¬Í¨²Ý¡¢µÖñÒ¶µÉøÇåÈÈÀûʪ£¬°ëÏÄ¡¢ºñÆÓÐÐÆø³ýÂú£¬»¯ÊªºÍ裬ôï³´ÉñÇú½¡Æ¢ºÍ裬Ïûʳ»¯»ý£¬Ì«×Ó²ÎÇ岹Ƣ裬¹Ì»¤ÕýÆø£¬¹ãÞ½Ïã·¼Ï㻯ʪ£¬ÖúÆ¢ÆøÉýÇ壬²ÏɳºÍθ»¯×Ç[13]¡£ÖîÒ©ºÏÓã¬Ê¹Æø»úÐû³©£¬ÈÈÏûʪ³ý¡£
¡¡¡¡3 ¡¢½áÓï
¡¡¡¡¡¶Æ¢Î¸ÂÛ¡·ÔÆ£º¡°ÄÚÉËÆ¢Î¸£¬°Ù²¡ÓÉÉú¡±¡£ãÆÀÏʦÈÏΪ£¬Ê³»ý²»½ö½öÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¼²²¡£¬»¹¿É×÷Ϊ²¡Àí²úÎӰÏìÆø»úÉý½µ£¬¿É»¯ÈÈ¡¢»¯Óô¡¢»¯Êª£¬ÖÎÁÆÊ³»ý²»½öÒªÏû»ýµ¼ÖÍ£¬½¡ÔËÆ¢Î¸£¬»¹ÐèÇåÈÈ¡¢ÐÐÆø½âÓô¡¢·Ö½âʪÈÈ¡¢Ðû³©Æø»ú¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÁÙÖ¤µ±±æÈÈ¡¢Óô¡¢Êª£¬ÒÀÖ¤²ÉÓÃÇåÈÈ¡¢¿ªÓô¡¢»¯ÊªÈý·¨¡£Æ½ËØ»¹Ðè×¢ÖØÒûʳµ÷»¤£¬¡¶ËØÎÊ¡¤ÈÈÂÛ¡·ÑÔ£º¡°²¡ÈÈÉÙÓú£¬Ê³ÈâÔò¸´£¬¶àʳÔòÒÅ£¬´ËÆä½ûÒ²¡£¡±[14]ÈéʳÒ˶¨Ê±¶¨Á¿£¬²»Ó¦¹ý¼¢¹ý±¥£¬¼ÉÀäÒû¡¢ÓÍÕ¨¡¢·ÊÄåÖ®Î¡°Îå¹ÈÎªÑø£¬Îå¹ûΪÖú£¬ÎåÐóÎªÒæ£¬Îå²ËΪ³ä¡±¡£×¢ÖØÒûʳµ÷Ñø£¬²ÅÄÜʹƢ½¡Î¸Ç¿£¬·Àֹʳ»ý¸´·¢»òת»¯ÎªËûÖ¤¡£
¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
¡¡¡¡[1]ÍôÊÜ´«,ò¯¼á¶ûÖÐÒ½¶ù¿ÆÑ§[M].3°æ±±¾©:ÖйúÖÐÒ½Ò©³ö°æÉç, 2012:137.
¡¡¡¡[2]Æë¼Í·¼.С¶ù¹¦ÄÜÐÔÏû»¯²»Á¼µÄÕï¶ÏºÍÖÎÁÆÏÖ×´[J].ÏÖ´úÏû»¯¼°½éÈëÕïÁÆ, 2015,20(5):557-559.
¡¡¡¡[3]ׯº£ÑàС¶ùÑáʳ֢µÄ²¡Òò²¡»ú¼°ÖÎÁÆ[J]ÖÐÒ½ÁÙ´²Ñо¿, 2016,8(17):140-142.
¡¡¡¡[4]ÍõÅàÔ¶,ÀÍ»ÛÃô,ÂíæÃ,µÈ.´Óʳ»ýÂÛÖÎС¶ù¼²²¡µÄÌå»á[J].ÖйúÖÐÎ÷Ò½½áºÏ¶ù¿ÆÑ§, 2016,8(2):209-211.
¡¡¡¡[5]²Ì½¨ÐÂÕŽ鰲Ïûµ¼·¨ÖÎÁÆÊ³»ýµÄ¾Ñé[J].ÁÉÄþÖÐÒ½Ò©´óѧѧ±¨, 2007,9(3):106-107.
¡¡¡¡[6]ÍõÑ©Áá,»Æ±ó,ÐíÓȼÑ.ÐíÓȼÑÖÎδ²¡Ë¼ÏëÔÚС¶ù¼²²¡·ÀÖÎÖеÄÓ¦ÓÃ[J]³¤´ºÖÐÒ½Ò©´óѧѧ±¨, 2018,34(3):470-473.
¡¡¡¡[7]ÎâÏþÀò£¬ÕÅê»·ÉdzÒéС¶ù»ýÖÍ»¯ÈÈ[J].ÄÚÃɹÅÖÐÒ½Ò©, 2015,34(4):51.
¡¡¡¡[8]Ö£Ñ㣬ÃçÃ÷Èý¼¦ÄÚ½ðµÄÏÖ´úÑо¿Ìصã·ÖÎö[J].ÖÐҽѧ±¨, 2015,30(12):1796-1797.
¡¡¡¡[9]ºúÁÖÁ¦ÈËÌåÖеÄÐ¿ÔªËØ[J]ÖÐѧ»¯Ñ§½Ìѧ²Î¿¼£¬1994,12(3):91-92.
¡¡¡¡[10]ÃçÑÞ»»,ÔÆ½à£¬ÀîºêÑå,µÈ´ÓÐØÑ¨¶¯Ì¬ÌØÐÔ̽ÌÖÕë´ÌÁÙ½ü·ÇѨ¶ÔÕÕ·¨[J]ÖÐÒ½ÔÓÖ¾, 2014,55(7):563-566.
¡¡¡¡[11]Áõ½«h.С¶ùʳ»ýÓëÇéÖ¾¹ØÏµ[J] .ËÄ´¨ÖÐÒ½, 2016,34():42-43.
¡¡¡¡[12]ÀîÇå,¸ßÊçÀö,Íõöιú,µÈÔ½¾Ï±£ºÍÍè¶ÔθÅſռ°Î¸Òº·ÖÃÚµÄÓ°Ïì[J].ÖÐÒ©Ò©ÀíÓëÁÙ´², 2006,22(Z1):14-15.
¡¡¡¡[13]Îâè´,ÀµÑÞ,ÍõÓ¨,µÈ¸ßͨÁ¿²âÐò¼¼ÊõÑо¿²Ïɳ¶Ôʪ×èÖн¹Ö¤´óÊ󳦵À¾úȺµÄÓ°Ïì[J]ÖйúÖÐÒ©ÔÓÖ¾, 2020 45(3):623-630.
¡¡¡¡[14]µÔË«Çì.Äھѡ¶Á[M].3°æ±±¾©:ÖйúÖÐÒ½Ò©³ö°æÉ磬2013:161.
С¶ùÐ麹֤²ÉÓÃÉ£Ò¶É¢ÁªºÏÎåζ×Ó¡¢Îå±¶×ÓÉ¢µÄ
С¶ùÐ麹֤ÊÇÁÙ´²³£¼û²¡ºÍ¶à·¢²¡,¶à±íÏÖΪ°²¾²Ê±È«Éí»òijЩ²¿Î»º¹³ö¹ý¶à¡£ÒòС¶ùΪ´¿ÑôÖ®Ìå,Éú»úÅ,ϲ¶¯²»Ï²¾²,¼ÓÖ®·Î³£²»×ã¡¢ëíÀíÊèËÉ,Ïà¶Ô¶øÑÔ,º¹³ö½Ï³ÉÈËΪ¶à,ÓÈÆäÍ·¶î²¿¸üÒ׳öº¹,¹ÊÁÙ´²¼ûС¶ù³öº¹,ÐèÏȱæ±ðÊÇÕý³£º¹³öÒÖ»ò²¡Ì¬¡£...
Î÷Ò½ÁªºÏ̵ÈÈÇå×¢ÉäÒº×ôÖÎС¶ù·ÎÑ×
·ÎÑ×ÊÇÁÙ´²Éϳ£¼ûµÄºôÎüµÀ¸ÐȾÐÔ¼²²¡£¬ÓÈÆäÒÔС¶ù¾Ó¶à£¬ÁÙ´²±íÏÖ³£°éÓз¢ÈÈ¡¢¿ÈËÔ¡¢Í·Í´¡¢Î·º®µÈÌåÕ÷£¬ÑÏÖØÕ߿ɳöÏÖ¶àÆ÷¹Ù¡¢¶àϵͳ¹¦ÄÜÊÜËð£¬ÑÏÖØÓ°ÏìС¶ùµÄÉúÃü°²È«¡£Ð¡¶ù·ÎÑ×ÖÎÁƲ»¼°Ê±ÈÝÒ׳öÏַβ»ÕÅ¡¢Ö§Æø¹ÜÀ©ÕźͷμäÖÊÏËά»¯µÈÖ¢×´£¬ÑÏÖØÓ°ÏìС¶ùµÄÉú...
´ÓÖÐÒ½½Ç¶È̸С¶ùÌåÖÊÌØµãµÄÈÏʶ
ÌåÖÊÊÇÔÚÖÐÒ½ÀíÂÛ¿ò¼ÜÏÂÑо¿ÈËÌåÐÎ̬½á¹¹¡¢¹¦Äܻ·½ÃæËù¹ÌÓеġ¢Ïà¶ÔÎȶ¨µÄ¸öÌåÌØÕ÷,ËüÊÜÏÈÌìÙ÷¸³ºÍºóÌìÒòËØÓ°Ïì,²¢±íÏÖΪÓëÐÄÀíÐÔ¸ñµÄÏà¹ØÐÔ[1].¶øÐ¡¶ùÌåÖÊѧµÄÑо¿ÊÇÖÐÒ½ÌåÖÊѧµÄÖØÒªÄÚÈÝ.С¶ùÔàÆ÷½¿ÄÛ,Éú³¤·¢ÓýѸËÙ,¾ßÓÐÒ׸ÐÐÔ¸ü¸ß,Ò×±äÐÔ¸ü...
С¶ù·´¸´ºôÎüµÀ¸ÐȾÖÐ񾮿»îѪ·¨µÄÓ¦ÓÃ
С¶ù·´¸´ºôÎüµÀ¸ÐȾÊÇС¶ù³£¼ûµÄ¶à·¢ÐÔ¼²²¡£¬ÑÏÖØÓ°Ïì×Å»¼¶ùµÄÉú³¤·¢Óý¡¢ÉíÌ彡¿µºÍÉú»îÖÊÁ¿[1].ΪÁËʹС¶ù·´¸´ºôÎüµÀ¸ÐȾ»¼¶ùµÃµ½¸üºÃµÄÖÎÁÆÐ§¹û£¬±¾Ôº³¢ÊÔ²ÉÓÃ񾮿»îѪ·¨¶ÔÆä½øÐÐÖÎÁÆ£¬ÇÒÈ¡µÃÁ˽ÏΪÀíÏëµÄÖÎÁÆÐ§¹û£¬ÏÖ½«¾ßÌåÇé¿ö×ܽáÈçÏ£¬ÒÔ¹©²Î¿¼¡£1ÁÙ...
´©É½¼×ΪöìÀð¿Æ¶¯Îﴩɽ¼×µÄÁÛ¼×£¬ÐÔζÏÌ£¬Î¢º®£¬¹é¸Î¡¢Î¸¾¡£¹¦ÄÜ»îѪÏûÖ¢£¬Í¨¾ÏÂÈ飬ÏûÖ×ÅÅŧ£¬ËÑ·çͨÂç¡£ÓÃÓÚ¾±ÕÖ¢ðý£¬ÈéÖ²»Í¨£¬Ó¸Ö×´¯¶¾£¬·çʪ±ÔÍ´£¬Öзç̱¼²£¬Âéľ¾ÐÂÎ[1].ÓÖÃûöìÀð¼×¡¢öìÀð½Ç¡¢±îÀð¼×¡¢´¨É½¼×¡¢É½¼×¡¢¼×Ƭ¡¢÷è÷ëÆ¬¡¢Ëæ¼îƬ[2].´©É½...
ÎÂÕë¾ÄÖÎÁÆÐ¡¶ùÒÅÄò30ÀýÁÙ´²·ÖÎö
¹Û²ìÎÂÕë¾ÄÖÎÁÆÐ¡¶ùÒÅÄòµÄÁÙ´²ÁÆÐ§¡£...
ÌØ¶¨Ñ¨Î»ÍÆÄÃÖÎÁÆÐ¡¶ù·ÎÑ×ÁÆÐ§Ñо¿
С¶ù·ÎÑ×ÊÇС¶ù³£¼ûµÄºôÎüµÀ¼²²¡Ö®Ò»£¬Ëļ¾¾ù¿É·¢Éú£¬3ËêÒÔÄÚС¶ùÒ×ÔÚ´º¶¬Á½¼¾·¢Éú£¬ÈôÖÎÁƲ»³¹µ×£¬¼«Ò×ÒýÆðÆäËû²¢·¢Ö¢ÉõÖÁ¸´·¢£¬½ø¶øÓ°ÏìС¶ù½¡¿µ³É³¤¡£ÁÙ´²ÉÏÖÐÒ½ÖÎÁÆÐ¡¶ù·ÎÑ×µÄÑо¿½Ï¶à£¬ÆäÔڼӿ첡³ÌºÃת¡¢¼õÉÙ¸´·¢ÂÊ·½ÃæÒâÒåÖØ´ó¡£±¾Ñо¿Ö¼ÔÚ·ÖÎöÌØ¶¨...
Ôöʳ·½ÅäÓÃÕë´ÌËÄ·ìѨҽÖÎðáÖ¤»¼¶ù
С¶ùðáÖ¤ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÁÙ´²³£¼ûµÄÂýÐÔÏû»¯ÏµÍ³¼²²¡,ÑÏÖØÓ°Ï컼¶ùµÄÉúÀíºÍÐÄÀí·¢Óý,ͬʱҲ¸ø»¼¶ù¼Ò³¤´øÀ´¼«´óÀ§ÈÅ¡£¸Ã²¡ÁÙ´²ÒÔ³¤ÆÚʳÓû²»Õñ¡¢ÐÎÌåÏûÊÝ¡¢ÃæÉ«ÎÞ»ª¡¢¾«ÉñήÃÒ»ò·³ÔêÎªÌØÕ÷¡£±ÊÕßÔÚÁÙ´²²ÉÓÃÔöʳ·½ÅäÓÃÕë´ÌËÄ·ìѨµÄ·½·¨¶ÔðáÖ¤»¼¶ù½øÐÐÖÎÁÆ,Ч¹ûÂúÒâ,ÏÖ±¨...
Öܳ£À¥ÖÎС¶ù¾Ã¿È¡¢Íç¿ÈµÄÖοÈÁù·¨
Öܳ£À¥Ö÷ÈÎҽʦÊÇÔÆÄÏÊ¡Çú¾¸ÊеÚÒ»ÈËÃñÒ½ÔºÖÐÒ½¿ÆÀÏÖÐÒ½£¬ÎªÈ«¹úµÚÎåÅúÀÏÖÐҽҩʦ´øÍ½Ö¸µ¼ÀÏʦ¡£ÖÜÖ÷Èαü³Ð¼Òѧ£¬¹ãÀÀ²©Ñ§£¬´ÓÒ½ËÄÊ®ÓàÔØ£¬Éó¤ÖÎÁÆÄÚ¡¢¸¾¡¢¶ù¿Æ¼²²¡£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÔÚÖÎÁÆÐ¡¶ù¾ÃËÔ·½Ã棬³£³£½áºÏС¶ùµÄÌØÊâÌåÖʼ°¿ÈËÔ·¢²¡µÄÌØµã×ÅÊÖÂÛÖΣ¬Ìá³öÖοÈ...
ÖÐÒ©ÄÚ·þºÍ·óÐØ¸àÍâ·óÖÎÁÆÐ¡¶ù·ÎÑ×µÄÁÆÐ§±È½Ï
·ÎÑ×ÊÇÁÙ´²³£¼ûºôÎüµÀ¼²²¡£¬·¢²¡ÈËȺºÍ¼¾½Ú½Ï¹ã[1].С¶ù·ÎÑ×Ö÷ÒªÊÇÓɲ¡¶¾ºÍϸ¾ú¸ÐȾÒýÆðµÄ£¬ÁÙ´²±íÏÖΪ¿ÈËÔ¡¢·¢ÈÈ¡¢·Î²¿ÊªÂÞÒô¡¢Æø´Ù¡¢ºôÎüÀ§ÄѵÈ[2].Ŀǰ£¬ÁÙ´²ÖÎÁÆÐ¡¶ù·ÎÑ×Ö÷Òª²ÉÓúìÃ¹ËØ¡¢Í·±§À¶¨µÈ¿¹ÉúËØ½øÐÐÊäÒºÖÎÁÆ[3].±¾Ñо¿±È½ÏÁ˵¥´¿ÖÐÒ©ÄÚ·þºÍ·ó...