我国现代会展业的空间布局特征研究

　　摘要

　　随着知识经济时代的到来，经济面临全球化和一体化的发展趋势，而会展业作为一个新兴产业，以全新的经济形态成为全球众多发达国家国民经济新的增长点。而我国在北京奥运会、上海世博会、西湖博览会等大型会展活动的带动下，会展业的规模不断扩大，经济效益逐年攀升，年均增长率将近20%,呈现出稳中有升的发展趋势，也己经逐渐发展成为我国社会与经济发展中新的产业亮点。但在会展产业发展形势大好的同时，产业集群、空间布局等方面的问题不断凸显。会展业的发展缺乏系统合理的规划，在全国范围内盲目发展等现状导致各地区或城市的会展业缺乏吸引力，经济效益带动力不强。因此，研究与分析现代会展业的空间布局特征及影响因素对优化我国会展产业结构和提升经济效益有较强的现实意义。

　　鉴于会展活动涉及空间位移、历程长短等特点，本文从时空思维视角对我国会展业的空间集聚及时间分布特征进行研宄。以“E展网”这一中文网页作为研宄样本，对2011年1月到2013年12月期间的展会数量、场馆、展览面积、类型等数据进行收集和统计，采用季节性集中指数、斯泰恩峰值指数与饱和曲线、信息熵等相关指数，并结合SPSS 17.0和ARCGIS软件对各地区会展的时空分布特点进行分析。研究发现，会展业在全国范围内存在区域、季节、类型集聚程度不平衡的发展状况，且这些差异与各省市的经济发展水平、场馆建设情况、各地区的季节气候特征以及参展产品属性等因素之间有关联。

　　通过实证研究，本文得出以下结论：

　　1、当一个地区已具备坚实的产业与消费市场基础，展馆的数量，面积等成为制约会展经济发展的重要影响因素。2、各地区会展集中于春秋两季，冬季最少，且冬季会展比例随地区由北往南逐渐增大。会展的举办与地区气候、温度和自然环境有关，而节假日安排、众多企业倾向于选择春节后进行年度销售活动等因素也对各月会展数量变化趋势有一定的影响作用。3、我国会展己呈现出一定区域的集聚，主要集中于华东地区、华北地区和华南地区，但集聚程度并未十分显著。4、华东、华北、华南和西南四个地区分别呈现以上海、北京、广东和四川为会展集聚中心，向边缘省市扩散的凝聚型空间分布现象。5、运输成本、参展者需求与动机以及产品自身产生的外部经济规模效应成为会展主题选择的重要影响因素。针对这些影响因素，本文提出了场馆建设、地区合作、会展业与旅游业融合发展等方面的建议。

　　全文共分为五大部分。第一章主要介绍了本文的研究背景、研究意义与研究内容，提出主要研宄方法和技术路线，并且分析了可能存在的创新之处。

    第二章对国内外会展相关文献进行整理与综述，介绍了当前会展业的主要研究方向与研究成果。并结合本文的研究主题，将所涉及的会展相关概念、时空分布相关理论等基础理论进行了一一阐述。第三章将实证研宄的资料来源与样本数据选择进行了具体的介绍。第四章在会展时空分布理论的基础上，运用SPSS等相关软件对八大地区的会展数据进行分析，论述我国会展业布局的时间和空间分布特征，总结影响会展时空分布的主要因素。第五章在前文论述的基础上，结合所分析的时空分布影响因素，提出有利于优化我国会展业未来布局的对策建议，并总结文章的不足，为下一步的研宄方向提出展望。

　　关键词：会展，时空分布，集聚程度，场馆

　　ABSTRACT

　　With the knowledge economy era coming, the economy faces a trend ofglobalization and integration. As a new industry, exhibition industry becomes thenational economy's new growth point of many developed countries. Underling thedrive of the Beijing Olympic Games, the world expo in Shanghai, the west lakeexpo and other large-scale exhibition activities, the scale of exhibition industry inour country expands unceasingly, the economic benefit is rising year by year, theaverage annual growth rate is almost 20% which presenting the developmenttrend of rising steadily. Nowadays the exhibition industry has gradually developedinto the new bright spot In the process of China's social and economicdevelopment. However, there are many problems such as industrial clusters,spatial layout continuously emerging. The lack of reasonable planning and thesituation of blind development results in exhibition industry, throughout variousregions, are not attractive enough as well as economic driving force insufficient.

　　In consequence, it is heavily significant to study the space-layout characteristicsof modern exhibition industry and its influencing factors, which can optimize thestructure of exhibition industey in China and promote economic efficiency.

　　Given that exhibition is involved with the characteristics of spatialdisplacement, length of the course, etc, this article studies the spatialagglomeration and temporal distinction of China's exhibition industry from thespace-time perspective. Then the data related to the exhibition on the “E show”such as the number, stadium, area and type, is collected and counted. And so, thetemporal and spatial characteristics of the regional exhibition are analyzed withthe method of the congregation degree, stein peak index & saturation curve andentropy based on the software of SPSS 17.0 and ARCGIS. The results showedthat exhibition nationwide existed unbalanced development with respect toregional, seasonal and typological agglomeration. And that, it is related to thelevel of economic development, the situation of venue construction, the trait ofseasonal regional climate and the attributes of exhibition product.

　　Through the empirical study, this paper draws the following conclusion: 1.when an area has a solid market foundation for industry and consumption, thenumber of pavilion and its area will be important factors that restrict thedevelopment of exhibition economy. 2. Regional exhibition hosts more in springand autumn but less in winter where the percentage of it is gradually increasingfrom north to south. Besides, the celebration of the exhibition is related to theregional climate, temperature and natural environment. The factors, such asholiday arrangements and many enterprises' trend to proceeding annual salesactivities after the Spring Festival, have certain impact on the number ofexhibition per month. 3. The concentration comes out in a certain area ofexhibition, mainly concentrated in east, north, south and southwest China, but theagglomeration degree isn't prominent. 4. The above four areas are centered onShanghai, Beijing, Guangdong and Sichuan respectively, and the agglomerativespatial-distributional phenomenon that spreading to the edge of provinces andcities has appeared. 5. It is important influencing factors that transportation cost,exhibitors' needs and motivation and products produced by the externaleconomies of scale effect need to consider while the selection of exhibition theme.

　　According to these factors, several suggestions related to venue construction,regional cooperation and the integrative development of exhibition and tourism.

　　There are five chapters in this text. Chapter 1 mainly introduces the researchbackground, significance and the content of this article. And then the majormethod and technical route put forward and the possible innovation is analyzed.

　　Chapter 2 summarizes the exhibition literature at home and abroad and introducesthe main research direction and achievements of current exhibition industry. Thefundamental theory such as related concepts of exhibition, related theory oftemporal-spatial distribution, is elaborated in this article. Chapter 3 offers specificdetails on where the empirical research comes from and how to choose the sampledata. Chapter 4 analyzes the exhibition data of eight regions based on exhibitiontemporal-spatial theory using the SPSS software. After that the characteristics ofthe temporal-spatial distribution of Chinese exhibition layout and its maininfluencing factors are discussed and summarized. Chapter 5,based on the abovediscussed and combined the temporal-spatial factors, put forwardcountermeasures in favor of optimizing the future exhibition layout of China.Lastly, the shortcomings of this article are summarized and its next research areais expected.

　　KEYWORDS: convention and exhibition; spatial and temporal distribution;agglomeration degree; venue
 

　　目录

　　摘要

　　ABSTRACT

　　目录

　　第一章 绪论

　　第一节 研宄背景与研究意义

　　一、研宄背景

　　二、研宄意义

　　第二节 研究内容与技术路线

　　一、研宄内容

　　二、技术路线

　　第三节 研宄方法与可能存在的创新点

　　一、研宄方法

　　二、可能存在的创新点

　　第二章 文献综述与理论基础

　　第一节 国内外相关文献综述

　　一、国外会展研究综述

　　二、国内会展研宄综述

　　三、文献综述小结

　　第二节 理论基础

　　一、会展相关概念

　　二、时空分布相关理论

　　第三章 数据来源与分析

　　第一节 资料来源

　　一、文献资料收集

　　二、E展网信息查询

　　第二节 样本数据选择

　　第四章 我国会展业的时空分布特征

　　第一节 相关分析

　　第二节 时间分布

　　一、斯泰恩斯峰值指数与饱和曲线

　　二、季节性集中指数

　　第三节空间分布

　　一、信息熵

　　二、华东地区、华北地区、华南地区和西南地区会展空间分布特征

　　三、不同类型的专业性会展空间分布特征

　　第四节 会展时空分布特征总结

　　一、会展业发展受展馆数量、展馆面积等展馆建设情况制约

　　二、会展举办地选择与气候、温度等自然环境密切相关

　　三、我国会展业主要集聚于华东、华北和华南地区，并呈现中心省市向边缘扩散现象

　　四、运输成本、参展者需求及产品自身产生的外部经济规模效应是会展类型选择的关键因素

　　第五章 主要研宄结论与展望

　　第一节 结论、建议与不足

　　一、结论

　　二、发展建议

　　三、研究不足

　　第二节 展望

　　参考文献

　　致谢