目录
摘 要
Abstract
第 1 章 导 论
1.1 研究背景、目的和意义
1.1.1 研究背景
1.1.2 研究目的
1.1.3 研究意义
1.2 国内外研究综述
1.2.1 国内研究现状
1.2.2 国外研究现状
1.2.3 文献评述
1.3 相关概念界定
1.3.1 网格化管理
1.3.2 社区服务
1.3.3 四级社会工作图
1.4 相关理论及视角
1.4.1 社会治理理论
1.4.2 人本主义理论
1.4.3 问题解决视角
1.5 研究思路及方法
1.5.1 研究思路
1.5.2 研究方法
第 2 章 社会工作在 A 社区网格化管理中的介入概述
2.1 贵阳市 A 社区概况
2.2 网格化管理过程中存在的突出问题
2.2.1 社区居委会运作混乱,工作关系复杂
2.2.2 网格化运作程序繁杂,多重复工作,居民反感
2.2.3 社区服务形式固化单一且质量不高,成效不好
2.3 社会工作介入的可行性
2.3.1 社会工作的服务理念及专业的工作方法
2.3.2 社会工作介入社区网格化管理与服务有可借鉴的经验
2.3.3 社区领导者的支持与认可
2.4 社会工作在介入过程中的角色定位与功能
2.4.1 社会工作介入网格化管理中的角色定位
2.4.2 社会工作在社区网格化管理中发挥的作用
第 3 章 社会工作在 A 社区网格化管理中的介入实践分析
3.1 对社区居委会负责人开展的个案工作
3.2 提高居委会工作人员凝聚力的小组工作
3.3 提升社区居委会工作效率的四级社会工作图
3.3.1 社区工作图
3.3.2 社区资源图
3.4 对社区居民开展的社区活动
3.4.1 A1 社区“孝文化亲子同乐汇”活动
3.4.2 A3 社区中秋节活动
第 4 章 社会工作介入的绩效评估与反思
4.1 个案服务绩效分析
4.2 小组工作绩效分析
4.3 四级社会工作图现实作用分析
4.4 社区活动绩效分析
4.5 社会工作介入的反思
4.6 经验总结
结语
致 谢
参考文献
摘 要
社区是城市的基本单元,城市社区是否发展良好关系到城市居民最基本的需求能否得到满足,关系到社会的和谐稳定。社区网格化管理便是一些地区不断探索及推广的一种新型社区管理模式,对改善社区的服务与管理水平,提高社区的工作效率有着重要的作用,有利于创新社会治理模式及推进城市的社区建设。但是,在社区网格化管理的过程中也出现了一系列的问题,如政府的行政权力过大,干预基层事务过多,弱化了社区的自我管理,同时也加强了社区传统的条块分割的管理模式,社区整合功能大大降低等。诸多的问题导致了社区偏重管理而忽视服务,管理并不是在服务的基础上进行,而是一味地求稳,不出差错;服务只因管理上的需要而开展,完全没有反映居民的真实需求。
本文以贵阳市A社区网格化管理为例,对其管理和服务现状进行总结,分析社会工作介入的必要性及可行性,通过访谈法及参与观察法参与到社区网格化管理的过程中,发现其中的关键问题。居委会方面:负责人在与居委会工作人员的交流和任务分配方面存在问题,影响了她个人及其团队的工作效率和社区的发展;居委会工作人员小团体盛行,凝聚力不高;居委会运作混乱,不成章法。居民方面:在人情社会,居民办事大多自行寻找“关系”解决,到居委会寻求帮助的寥寥无几,同时,居委会大部分时间都在低效率地应付任务,并不主动找居民了解情况,居委会与居民之间没有良好的沟通与接触,形成不了共同观念及利益,关系恶化。
针对上述A社区网格化管理中的消极性,笔者首先对A1社区负责人开展个案服务,通过七次个案访谈了解了服务对象存在的问题,进行评估并制定相关介入计划,基本上解决了服务对象存在的问题。其次,对社区居委会工作人员开展小组工作,提高凝聚力。第三,通过社会工作行政,为居委会的日常运行提供建议并协助实施,建立了四级社会工作图,居委会的工作量大量减少。第四,针对社区情况,分别对A社区的两个下辖社区开展社区活动,收到了比较好的成效。社会工作的介入在改善社区网格化管理的同时,也存在很多限制性因素,例如社会工作的社会承认与自我承认度低,专业性不强,可利用的资源少,支持力度不够等。本文希望通过社会工作介入居委会及居民两方面的问题来探索社会工作在促进社区网格化由管理走向服务过程中的介入机制、方式、效果、过程和作用,希望对网格化管理的稳定与发展提供更多的有利条件,希望对提升基层社区服务质量、创新基层社会治理模式具有积极的借鉴意义和价值。
关键词:社区网格化 社区管理 社区服务 社会工作介入
Abstract
The community is the basic unit of the city,if the urban community have a greatdevelopment,it's concerned to the urban residents' needs can be satisfied and relatedto the social harmony and stability. Community grid management is a new type ofcommunity management mode that some areas explore and promote constantly,itplay an important role in improve the community service and management level,andenhance the work efficiency,it also benefit to innovate social governance model andpromote the construction of city community. But,in the process of community gridmanagement , it also appears a series of problems , such as the government'sadministrative power is big enough that intervent too much grass-roots affairs thatweakened the self-management of community,at the same time it also strengthenedthe strip-block segmenttation of traditional community management mode , theintegration capability of community is reduced greatly,etc. Such problems bringabout the community lay particular stress on management and ignore the service,themanagement is not based on service,but seek for stability blindly and do not makemistakes; The services only carry out for the needs of management,did not reflect theresidents'reality needs.
This article taking A community grid of Guiyang city as the case,to summarizethe present situation of management and service,analysis the necessity and feasibilityof the social work intervention,though interview and participate observation methodto participate in the process of community grid management,and found out severalkey problems. In residents' committee aspect: community leader have problems incommunication and task allocation , those problems also affected the communitydevelopment; The staff of residents' community has their own clique that theircohesion is low; The residents'committee operation model is chaos and without order.
In resident aspect: in the human society,most residents solve their problems to find“relationship” by themselves,few of them will seek help from residents committee,as the same time,the committee send most of time in low efficiency to cope with theirtask,and will never visit the residents to ask for their information initiatively,there isno good communication and contect between the committee and resident,they can'tformate common concepts and interests,their relationship been soured.
For such negativity in A community grid management, the author provided caseservices to theA1 community leader first,I understand the problems what existing inthe service object by seven case interview , then I evaluated this problems andformulate relevant intervention plan,and solved the problems what existing in theservise object basically. Second,took group activities for the community to improvethe cohesion. The third , provided advises and assisted them to implement forcommittee by administration of social work,setted up four classes diagram of socialwork and reduced substantial work of residents' committee. The fourth , as thesituation of community,we carry out community activities in two under administercommunity of A community and received good results. When the intervention ofsocial work in improving community grid management,there are many restrictivefactors,such as the low social and self recognition of social work,not professionalenough,less available resouces and support,etc. This article hopes through the socialwork intervention in problems of residents' committees and residents, to explore thesocial work's intervention mechanism, methods, results, process and functions in theprocess of social work promoting community grid from grid to service. And hope toprovide more favorable conditions for the stability and development of gridmanagement, hope to have positive significance and value to promote grassrootscommunity service quality and innovative grassroots social governance model.
Key Words: community grid; community management;community service; thesocial work interfere;