幼儿游戏中同伴间冲突行为研究

　　摘要

　　游戏是幼儿最喜爱的活动，也是幼儿进行社会交往的主要渠道，对幼儿的身心发展具有重要的价值和意义。但是在游戏过程中幼儿表现出来并不只是合作、协商、谦让等亲社会性行为，相反，游戏中幼儿往往会因为种种原因而与同伴间发生冲突。本研究主要以游戏活动为背景对济南市某幼儿园幼儿同伴之间的冲突行为及其应对策略进行了两周的现场观察，并做了详细的记录，将所收集到的案例用定量研究和定性研究相结合的方式进行了全面的分析。从中总结出幼儿游戏活动中同伴冲突行为的相关特征以及幼儿同伴冲突解决策略的运用状况，并分析了影响幼儿冲突解决策略的相关因素。最后，笔者对幼儿教师如何提高幼儿的冲突解决能力提出一些尝试性建议。

　　研究发现：

　　1．就不同游戏活动中幼儿同伴冲突行为的发生状况而言，大、中、小三个年龄班的同伴冲突行为均集中发生在区域游戏活动中。

　　2．就游戏活动各时间段中冲突行为的发生状况而言，幼儿的冲突行为集中发生在游戏的进行阶段，开始阶段和结束阶段的同伴冲突行为相对较少。另外，不同年龄阶段的具体分布状况并不一致。

　　3．就同伴冲突的性别分布而言，同性别幼儿之间的冲突行为远远高于异性别幼儿之间的冲突行为，男性幼儿之间的冲突行为明显的高于女性幼儿之间的冲突行为。

　　4．就游戏活动中幼儿同伴冲突行为的起因而言，从总体上看争抢游戏资源是引起冲突的主要原因。但是随着年龄的增长，由争抢游戏资源所引起的冲突逐渐减少，而违反游戏规则和干涉控制他人引发的冲突逐渐增加，游戏意见分歧、偶然行为和攻击行为所引发的的冲突有所起伏。

　　5．就游戏活动中幼儿解决冲突的策略而言，从总体上看，游戏活动中幼儿解决同伴冲突的策略主要是中性策略和消极策略。具体来说，大班、中班、小班的第三者介入策略使用率均比较高，协商策略的使用随着年龄的增长而呈递增的趋势，随着年龄的增长攻击性策略的使用会逐渐减少，告状求助策略的使用主要集中在中班和大班，而互不相让的策略小班幼儿的使用率最高，威胁命令和友好的表情动作使用的均比较少。

　　关键词：游戏活动；幼儿同伴冲突；解决策略

　　Abstract

　　The game which has an important value and significance to the children's physical andmental development is children's favorite activity,and it is also the main channel for the childrento interact with their companions.There are not only prosocial behavior justlikecooperation ,negotiation and humility .In the process of the game,in fact children's peer conflictis very common for various reasons. Taking the game activity as the background,the author useda natural observation in a kindergarten of Jinan and noted down the conflicts between childrenand their coping strategies. By quantitative and qualitative research methods,the authorcomprehensively analyzed the collected cases and got the relevant characteristics of thechildren's conflicts and their strategies. on this basis,the author summarized the Influence factorsrelated to the strategy of conflict resolution. Finally, the author puts forward some tentativesuggestions to teachers to improve children's ability to solve the conflict .

　　The research shows that:

　　1.In terms of the game type which the peer conflicts happened in,this study find that peerconflict behavior of three age classes were concentrated in the regional game.

　　2.The whole game was divided into three stages,and this study found that the children'sconflicts main happened in the second stage.But there exist differences among different agestages.

　　3.On the gender distribution,this study found that the conflict happened between the samegender children is much higher than the conflicts happened between the different genderchildren.at the same time male children's conflicts are more higher than the female children'sconflicts.

　　4.On the causes of conflicts,the author found that in general fighting for the game resourcewas the main reason for the peer conflict,but with the growth of age this kind of conflict wasgradually decreased.the conflicts caused by breaking the role and intervention were crescent.theconflicts caused by different views ,accidental behavior and aggressive behavior have a lot ofups and downs.

　　5.On the resolution strategies of preschool children's peer conflicts,this study foundthat :children mainly used the neutral strategy and the passive strategy.Specifically,the thirdparty(including the teacher and their peers) intervention strategy is the most common choice atthe three classes.the use of negotiation strategy had increasing trend with the growth of theage.but along with the growth of the age,using of offensive strategy is graduallydecreased.asking for help strategy is mainly used in second and third year classes,but theutilization ratio of competing strategy in the first class is the highest.The threat strategy and thefriendly emotes strategy are not commonly used at the three classes.

　　Keywords: play activity ,children's peer conflicts ,solution strategyCategory number:G613.7


　　目录

　　摘要

　　Abstract

　　绪论

　　一、选题缘由

　　二、国内外相关研究的文献综述

　　（一）国内研究综述

　　（二）国外研究综述

　　三、研究意义

　　（一）理论意义

　　（二）实践意义

　　四、研究方法

　　第一章相关概念界定

　　一、有关冲突的概念

　　二、幼儿同伴冲突行为的界定

　　三、同伴冲突解决策略

　　第二章研究结果与具体分析

　　一、研究的分析框架

　　二、分析工具的操作定义

　　三、游戏活动中幼儿同伴冲突行为事件的统计分析

　　（一）不同游戏活动中幼儿同伴冲突行为的发生

　　（二）游戏活动各时间段中幼儿冲突行为的发生

　　（三）游戏活动中幼儿同伴冲突行为的性别分布

　　（四）游戏活动中幼儿同伴冲突行为的起因

　　（五）游戏活动中幼儿解决同伴冲突的策略

　　第三章游戏活动中幼儿同伴冲突解决策略的案例分析

　　一、对幼儿在六种冲突起因背景下解决策略的案例分析

　　（一）争抢游戏资源

　　（二）违反游戏规则

　　（三）游戏意见分歧

　　（四）攻击行为

　　(六)偶然行为

　　二、研究结果与分析

　　（一）幼儿同伴冲突解决策略的基本特征

　　（二）游戏中幼儿冲突解决策略的影响因素

　　第四章教育建议

　　一、讨论与建议

　　（一）发挥榜样作用，对幼儿进行良好社会交往技能的示范教育

　　（二）以表扬鼓励的指导方式为主，慎用惩罚

　　（三）重视培养幼儿的语言和动作交往技能

　　（四）重视游戏环境的创设

　　（五）重视游戏结束后的讨论指导

　　参考文献

　　致谢