4 结论与展望
4.1 研究结论
第一、高矛盾组大学生在对同性恋的态度中,积极联系和消极联系有着相等的强度,即存在矛盾态度,支持了多元态度的存在。说明对同性恋这一群体的态度不再是单维的消极态度,而是逐渐转变为积极评价与消极评价同时存在的态度倾向。而低矛盾者则表现出在积极联结和消极联结上的不同强度。
第二,高矛盾组和低矛盾组在辨别力及反应时差异主要表现在消极维度上,虽然高矛盾者在对同性恋的积极维度和消极维度的辨别力及反应时不存在显着差异,但在消极维度上的辨别力及反应时仍快于积极维度,说明无论是高矛盾者还是低矛盾者对同性恋的态度仍存在内隐消极倾向。
第三,矛盾性的态度会对信息处理产生影响。在高矛盾组的个体在对同性恋态度的反应时上慢于低矛盾的个体。
第四,在对待同性恋这一问题上,蒙古族被试相较于汉族被试的态度更加消极,蒙汉差异主要体现在消极维度上。
4.2 研究局限
第一,本篇文章以内蒙古师范大学的全日制本科为研究对象进行试验,但是在推广性依然具有一定程度上的缺陷。
第二,本研究仅证明了大学生对同性恋这一群体存在矛盾态度,但其具体的原因没有探讨。
第三,本研究在某些指标上的差异不明显,可能是因为样本量不够大而导致。
第四,在实验材料上对蒙古族被试和汉族被试均采用汉字材料,可能会对蒙古族被试的反应产生影响。
第五,本研究仅在感受性指标和反应时方面做了研究,对于同性恋矛盾态度的脑机制还可做进一步的研究。
4.3 研究展望
在本研究的基础上,大众对同性恋的态度问题还可做进一步的研究。
首先,本研究证明了大学生对同性恋存在矛盾态度,且对蒙汉两个不同的民族对待同性恋的态度做了研究,由于取样和时间等原因,没有对性别、年级、城乡、地域等因素做进一步的研究,同时,关于大学生分别对男同性恋和女同性恋的态度也没有做进一步的分析,可在今后的研究中进行完善。
其次,本研究对同性恋矛盾态度的产生原因没有做分析,在今后的研究中可对同性恋矛盾态度的成因进行探讨,并且进一步研究说服性信息对于矛盾态度和单一态度的影响,进而能够根据同性恋矛盾态度的特点提出相应的教育措施。
第三,由于条件的限制,本研究选取的被试均为大学生,但大学生相比于普通大众又有其特点,他们接受新事物、新观点的速度较快,受一些外来文化的影响较多,在实验结果的推广上存在一定的局限性,在以后的研究中,可广泛选取被试,对不同年龄、不同职业的人群开展研究。
第四,本研究中没有对脑机制进行探讨,矛盾态度对个体信息处理过程会产生影响,因此我们有理由相信,在脑电层面我们也可以发现其与单一维度态度的不同成分。可以在以后的研究中继续完善。
第五,在以后的研究中,还可以对矛盾态度和中立态度在积极联结和消极联结上的差异做研究。
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致 谢
光阴似箭,日月如梭,转眼间,我的研究生生涯即将结束。回首过往,点点滴滴在脑海中不断闪过,无尽的感动与谢意在心中涌动。在此,我首先要感谢我的导师杨伊生教授,杨老师用其渊博的知识、平和谦逊的人格魅力深深地吸引着我,同时我也为其严谨的治学态度,善良而又真诚的品质所深深折服。本论文在完成过程中,杨老师倾注了大量的心血,从开题、实验实施、数据处理到撰写,每一阶段老师都耐心而又细心地指导着我。在此,我想真诚地对老师说“老师,感谢您!感谢您对我学业的指导,感谢您对我人生的指点,感谢您对我的所有所有的帮助!”
同时,还要感谢李杰老师、包呼格吉乐图老师对我的关心与帮助。还要感谢我的同学和朋友给予我的支持,感谢何虎同学、张淑君同学、赵晖同学在我实验实施过程中提供的帮助,以使得实验如期顺利完成。感谢刘兴宇师兄、姜松秀师姐在数据分析过程中提供的帮助,感谢郑国进、胡喆、李彦明、田颖和我的朋友、同学们在论文完成的整个过程中提供的鼓励与支持。
最后,我要感谢我的父母,感谢他们在我的成长过程中倾注的心血,焉得谖草,言树之背,养育之恩,无以为报,唯以日后的不断进取来博双亲欣慰。
怀着无比的感激与留恋,我将离开我的学校,纵有万般不舍,终有一别,在此离别之际,我会带着导师的谆谆教诲,带着父母对我的期望,一直努力向上,积极进取,用我不断努力取得的成绩回报所有关心爱护我的人。