摘要
现阶段，我国正处于经济社会发展转型时期，一些大中城市和省会城市先后建设建成了一批轨道交通系统，其中以地铁和轻轨为主要运载工具的城市快速交通系统发展迅猛，为城市发展和人们出行带来了极大地便利，节约了上下班和外出时间。而很多城市在其未来五年和十年发展规划中都已经明确提出或设计了地铁等城市轨道交通系统，这就极大地促进和带动了我国地铁客车制造业的繁荣发展，对于其附属产业同样也是发展机遇和无限商机。地铁客车制造业属于一类高新技术型产业，最终形成的是地铁车辆这一产品，不仅要求产品本身的质量安全，还必须在运行周期内确保其质量管理系统的可靠性和先进性。
所以说，不同于其他一般商品，地铁客车在技术、质量、成本、安全等方面有着极其严格的标准和要求，尤其是其制造和运行质量的高低直接决定着其使用寿命及对乘客生命人身安全的影响。对于城市选择地铁客车产品的主要标准之一，产品制造和运行的质量及其管理系统始终是政府、社会和普通民众关注的焦点问题。
地铁客车制造企业作为我国市场经济中以盈利和服务为目标的经营实体，在输出产品的同时，必须保证自身盈利，而随着生产技术、原材料、人力资源、成本等企业要素趋于稳定，产品创新和管理模式改进就成为了企业发展的动力。
地铁等城市轨道车辆是其他普通运载工具所不能替代的，其在安全、舒适、可靠等方面有着极为严格的要求，这就决定了质量必须被地铁客车制造企业视为生存和发展之根本，加强地铁车辆从设计到生产再到交付运行阶段全过程和整个生命周期内的质量管理也就成为了我们研究的重中之重。长春长客-庞巴迪轨道车辆有限公司是由长春轨道客车股份有限公司与加拿大庞巴迪运输公司于一九九七年在吉林省长春市共同出资组建的中外合资企业。作为一家中外合资的地铁客车制造企业，公司致力于地铁车辆、轻轨车辆的整车设计和制造业务，经过十余年的不懈努力和精益求精的探索，公司累计生产出来的地铁车辆已接近一千辆，主要分布于国内各大城市的地铁交通系统中。在行业竞争日趋激烈的今天，公司面临着内外双重发展压力，外部竞争日趋激烈，内部质量管理体系亟待改进和完善。那么，一套行之有效的、科学先进的地铁客车生产制造管理系统以及健全的质量管理体系就成为了长春长客-庞巴迪轨道车辆有限公司不断探索、改进和完善的方向。对于公司而言，科学的、严格的、规范化的地铁客车生产和运行质量管理体系是确保其发展和壮大的生命力。如何运用先进的、成熟的项目质量管理和控制理论与方法来帮助公司完善和改进现有质量管理系统，就成为了长春长客-庞巴迪轨道车辆有限公司亟待解决的重要发展问题之一。
本文立足于现阶段我国地铁客车制造企业质量管理现状和存在的问题，以长春长客-庞巴迪轨道车辆有限公司（CCB 公司）为实证分析对象，试图构建一套符合公司发展的质量管理体系，并对质量管理体系的主要内容进行阐述，指导 CCB 公司继续改进质量管理体系和措施。首先，阐述了本文的研究背景与意义，系统地总结国内外在企业质量管理方面的研究现状，提出本文的研究内容、方法、框架与创新之处。其次，阐述了质量管理的基本概念与主要特征，分析质量管理的发展历程，解读质量管理的原则和模式；接着，介绍了 CCB 公司基本情况的基础，对其质量管理现状、存在的问题及原因进行深入分析和探讨，认为 CCB 公司主要存在着质量管理组织结构不合理、岗位人员配置不科学、质量方针落实不到位、员工参与质量管理主动性不强等方面的问题，公司应当从这几个方面强化质量管理。再次，以科学的公司质量管理结构、与时俱进的质量控制理念、基于公司实际的质量管理方法、着眼全寿命周期的质量控制手段为基本框架构建了 CCB 公司质量管理体系，并坚持以人为本、预防为主、严格执行质量标准的基本原则，并进一步阐述了建立高效的公司组织机构、建成完善的信息沟通体系、建立合理的质量管理制度、树立与时俱进的质量目标控制理念、认真做到全面质量控制等内容。最后，在前文分析的基础上，提出了公司质量管理的保障措施，认为应当重视质量管理中的领导作用、制定规范化的产品质量检测标准、选择原材料质量有保障的供应商、推进公司质量持续改进机制的建设、构建以质量管理为核心的企业文化。
本文的创新之处在于将质量管理理论和方法应用在 CCB 公司的实证分析中，试图构建了符合 CCB 公司实际管理需求的质量管理体系，设计了公司质量管理组织机构、质量信息沟通体系、质量管理程序、质量管理制度等内容，以此为基础，提出了公司质量管理体系的保障措施，可为公司继续完善和改进质量管理体系提供理论指导和方法借鉴，具有较强的实践应用价值。
关健词：
制造企业，现状，质量管理，体系
Abstract
At present, our country is in a transition period of economic and socialdevelopment, some large and medium cities and provincial capital constructionsuccessively completed a number of rail transit systems, in which the subway andlight rail as the main vehicle for fast development of urban rapid transit system, forthe urban development and brought greatly convenient people travel, saved the timeto work and go out. And many cities in the next five years and ten years have beenclearly put forward in the development planning or design of the urban rail transitsystem such as metro, which will greatly promote and drive the prosperity anddevelopment of subway passenger car manufacturing industry in our country, for itsaffiliated industry is also a development opportunity and the infinite businessopportunities. Subway passenger car manufacturing industry belongs to a kind ofhigh and new technology industry, eventually forming is a metro vehicle products,not only requires the quality safety of the product itself, also must be in the runningcycle to ensure the reliability of the quality management system and advanced. Sodifferent from other general commodities, subway passenger cars in such aspects astechnology, quality, cost, security is very strict standards and requirements,especially the manufacturing and operation quality directly decides the service lifeand the life safety of passengers. For city choose subway passenger car products oneof the main criteria, product manufacturing and running quality and its managementsystem has always been the focus of the government, society and ordinary people.
Subway passenger car manufacturing companies as a market economy in ourcountry in order to profit and service as the goal of business entities, in the output ofproducts at the same time, must ensure that their own profit, and with the productiontechnology, raw materials, human resources, stable business elements such as cost,product innovation and management improvement has become a driving force forthe development of the enterprise. Subway and other urban rail vehicles isirreplaceable by other common vehicle, it in a safe, comfortable, reliable and so onhave very strict requirements, which determines the quality must be the subwaypassenger car manufacturing companies as the foundation of the survival anddevelopment, strengthen the metro vehicle whole process from design to productionto delivery operation stage and the whole life cycle of quality management alsobecomes our research center. Prosperity - bombardier in Changchun railway vehiclesco., LTD. It formed Changchun railway vehicle co., LTD., and Canada's bombardiertransportation company in 1997 in Changchun city, Jilin province jointly establishedSino-foreign joint ventures. As a joint venture of subway passenger carmanufacturing enterprise, the company is committed to metro vehicle, the vehicle forlight rail vehicle design and manufacturing business, after more than ten years ofunremitting efforts and strive for perfection, the company has produced the metrovehicle is close to one thousand vehicles, mainly distributed in the domestic cities inmetro transportation system. In the increasingly fierce competition in the industrytoday, the company's development from both inside and outside pressure, externalcompetition and internal quality management system needs to be improved andperfected. Then, a set of effective, scientific and advanced subway passenger carmanufacturing management system and a sound quality management system hasbecome a prosperity - bombardier in Changchun railway vehicles co., LTDcontinuously explore, improve and perfect direction. For companies, scientific, strictand standardized subway passenger car production and operation of the qualitymanagement system is to ensure that its development and expansion of vitality. Howto use advanced and mature project management and quality control theory andmethod to help the company to improve and improve the existing qualitymanagement system, has become prosperity - bombardier in Changchun railwayvehicles co., LTD. Is one of the important development problems to be solved?
Based on the present stage our country the subway passenger car manufacturingenterprise quality management present situation and the existing problems, and toprosperity - bombardier in Changchun railway vehicles co., LTD （CCB） as the objectof empirical analysis, trying to construct a set of in line with the company for thedevelopment of quality management system, and the paper expounds the maincontent of the quality management system, to guide the CCB companies continue toimprove the quality management system and measures. First, this paper expoundsthe research background and significance of this article, systematically summarizesthe research status in the enterprise quality management both at home and abroad,put forward in this paper, the research contents, methods, framework and innovation.
Secondly, this paper expounds the basic concepts and main characteristics of qualitymanagement, analysis of the development of quality management, interpretation ofquality management principles and patterns; Then, this paper introduces the basicsituation, the basis of CCB company for its quality management present situation,existing problems and causes of in-depth analysis and discussion, said CCBcompany mainly exist in quality management organization structure is notreasonable, post staffing is not scientific, quality policy implementation does notreach the designated position, employees involved in quality management initiativeis not strong, the company shall be from the several aspects to strengthen qualitymanagement. Again, with scientific company quality management structure, thequality control concept of keeping pace with The Times, the company based on theactual quality management methods, with a view to the whole life cycle of thequality control methods for the basic framework to build the CCB company qualitymanagement system, and adhere to the people-centered, the basic principles ofprevention first, strict enforcement of quality standards, puts forward to establishefficient corporation organization, established perfect information communicationsystem, establishing reasonable quality management system, seriously do full qualitycontrol of the quality management system specific implementation countermeasures.
Finally, on the basis of above analysis, the company's quality management guaranteemeasures are put forward, that should be pay more attention to the leading role ofquality management, product quality inspection standards for normalization, and thechoice of raw materials quality guaranteed suppliers, to facilitate the construction ofcompany quality continuous improvement mechanism, build quality management asthe core of enterprise culture.
The innovation of this article lies in applying quality management theory andmethod in CCB empirical analysis, trying to construct the accord with the actualmanagement requirements of CCB company quality management system, design thecompany quality management organization, quality information communicationsystem, quality management, quality management system, etc, on this basis, putforward the company quality management system of safeguard measures, cancontinue to perfect and improve the quality management system for the company toprovide theoretical guidance and methods for reference, has strong practicalapplication value.
Keywords:
Manufacturing Enterprises, Status Quo, Quality Management, System
目 录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究背景
1.2 研究意义
1.3 研究内容
1.4 研究框架
第 2 章 质量管理理论
2.1 质量管理的概念与特征
2.2 质量管理的发展历程
2.3 质量管理的原则和模式
第 3 章 CCB 公司质量管理现状分析
3.1 CCB 公司概况
3.2 CCB 公司质量管理现状
3.3 CCB 公司质量管理存在的问题
3.4 CCB 公司质量管理存在问题的成因分析
第 4 章 CCB 公司质量管理体系的构建
4.1 CCB 公司质量管理体系构建的目标
4.2 CCB 公司质量管理体系构建的原则
4.3 CCB 公司质量管理体系构建的方法
4.4 CCB 公司质量管理体系的主要内容
第 5 章 CCB 公司质量管理体系的实施保障措施
5.1 重视质量管理工作中的领导作用
5.2 制定规范化的产品质量检测标准
5.3 选择原材料质量有保障的供应商
5.4 推进公司质量持续改进机制的建设
5.5 构建以质量管理为核心的企业文化
结 论
参考文献
后记和致谢
