擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪的构成研究

　　摘要

　　对于我国而言，证券市场在1959年-1978年的这二十多年间基本都是处于消失状态的，自然也就不存在与规范证券市场息息相关的擅自发行股票或者公司、企业债券方面的犯罪了，直到党的十四大召开以后，股票及公司、企业债券才开始出现。作为非法集资类犯罪的罪名之一，擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪在司法实践中并不多见，学术界对本罪的研究成果也是寥寥无几，但随着市场经济的进一步发展，经济活动的复杂性也随之加大，因此我们有必要了解清楚在《刑法》第179条规定的擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪的一般犯罪构成，包括如何区分此罪与彼罪、罪与非罪；通过为数不多的实际案例（上海安基公司擅自发行股票案、李健民、万善颐、阮庆生擅自发行公司债券案等），可以更为直观地了解本罪常见的犯罪模式；同时，尽管在实践中，大家对本罪的犯罪构成形成了较为统一的观点，但理论界对犯罪主体（一般主体还是特殊主体）、主观方面（直接故意还是间接故意）、犯罪客体（复杂客体还是简单客体）、客观方面（超额发行、数额巨大）等方面仍存在一些争议；尤其是在如今证券发行注册制的呼声曰益高涨的今天，似乎本罪已无存续的必要，但注册制不等于放开一切，即使证券发行市场真的实行了注册制，证券发行人仍然需要向证券监督管理机构提供与证券发行相关的文件材料等，如若其提供的文件材料不符合法定形式审查的相关条件或是根本没能提交或是提交后还未经过法定时间等就开始向公众公开发行证券，这种行为仍然构成“擅自发行”行为，这种行为仍然破坏了国家证券发行市场的管理秩序，仍然需要对这类行为人处以擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪，本罪仍然有其存续的价值。

　　关键词：证券市场；非法集资类犯罪；证券发行注册制；擅自发行

　　ABSTRACT

　　As for our country, due to the fact that the securities market was generally in a state ofdisappearance during the twenty years from 1959 to 1978,there is naturally no bonds of thecrime closely related to the arbitrary issuance or corporation or enterprise stock with thestandardized securities market,however,stocks,corporate bonds and the company began toappear until the party held on the 14th meeting. As one of criminal charges of illegal fund raising,itis rare to issue shares, company, enterprise bonds without authorization in the judicialpractice,what's worse, it is also a few about the academic research results of this crime, giventhat the further development of market economy as well as the increasingly intense of thecomplexity of economic activity,it is necessary to clearly know the general crime constitution ofarbitrary issuance of company, corporate bonds, including how to distinguish between this crimeand that crime,crime and not crime according to the article 179 in penal law. Through one of fewreal cases （like Shanghai company issue stock case,the issuance of company bonds case withoutauthorization from li Jianmin, Wan Shanyi' Ruan Qingsheng, etc.）， the people can be moreintuitive to understand the common criminal patterns. At the same time, even though the peopleformed a unified view on the crime constitution of this crime in practice, there are still somecontroversy about the criminal subject （general or special subject） or subjective aspect （direct orindirect intentional） or crime object （complex object or simple object）， or the objective aspect（excess issuance; huge number）， etc. in the theoretical circle. In particular, nowadays theregistered system of stock issue is so increasingly rising that there is seemingly no necessity for thiscrime to survive, but the registration system is not equal to leave anything alone, even if thesecurities issue market really implemented the registration system, securities issuers still need toprovide to the securities supervision and administration department some documents materialabout securities issue,etc. If the document materials provided by the securities issuers do notconform to the statutory form or did not submit or began to issue securities to the public withoutthe statutory time,such as this kind of behavior still formed a arbitrary issuance behavior, thisbehavior still destroy the management order of the securities issue market in our country, and theoffenders who take part in the issuance of shares,company,corporate bonds withoutauthorization deserve the convict from the penal law,therefor, this crime still has its existencevalue.

　　KEY WORDSs the securities market; illegal fund raising; the registered system of stock;a arbitrary issuance behavior
 

　　目录

　　摘要

　　ABSTRACT

　　1擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪的立法背景和一般犯罪构成

　　1.1擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪的立法背景

　　1.2擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪的一般犯罪构成

　　1.2.1擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪的主体及主观方面界定

　　1.2.2擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪的客体界定

　　1.2.3擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪的客观方面界定

　　1.3擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪的若干界限

　　1.3.1擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪与非罪的界限

　　1.3.2擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪与相关罪名的界限

　　2主要案例的类型分析

　　2.1案情简介

　　2.1.1擅自发行股票罪

　　2.1.2擅自发行公司、企业债券罪

　　2.2类型化分析

　　2. 2.1擅自发行股票罪

　　2.2.2擅自发行公司、企业债券罪

　　3擅自发行股票、公司企业债券罪犯罪构成中的争议问题

　　3.1本罪主体及主观方面认定的理论争议

　　3.2本罪客体认定的理论争议

　　3.3本罪客观方面认定旳理论争议

　　4证券发行审核制度改革后对擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪犯罪构成的影响

　　4.1证券发行核准制及注册制

　　4.1.1证券发行核准制

　　4. 1.2证券发行注册制

　　4. 2证券发行审核制度改革后对本罪犯罪构成的影响

　　参考文献

　　致谢