在校大学生健康素养及其影响因素分析

　　摘要

　　目的：了解在校大学生健康素养现状，分析影响大学生健康素养的主要因素，探讨父母教养方式、领悟社会支持对大学生健康素养的影响，发现存在的问题和薄弱环节，为有针对性的开展大学生健康素养干预工作提供参考依据。

　　方法：采取分层整群抽样的方法，选取某三所高校 1983 名在校大学生学生（有效问卷 1783 份），进行匿名调查。采用调查工具包括自编一般人口学资料、健康素养问卷、中文版简式父母教养方式问卷、领悟社会支持量表。用 SPSS17.0 软件进行 t 检验、单因素分析、Pearson 相关分析和多元回归分析处理数据。

　　结果：

　　1.大学生健康素养平均总得分为 61.11±11.95；健康知识和理念平均得分为62.75±15.49；健康生活方式与行为平均得分为 51.98±14.33；健康技能平均得分为80.80±15.93。其中医学类院校健康素养得分高于理工类和文科类院校得分，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

　　2.不同性别的大学生健康素养及各维度得分差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；男生健康素养总分、健康知识和理念得分、健康生活方式与行为得分均低于女生；而男生健康技能得分高于女生。

　　3.不同专业健康素养及各维度得分的差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。其中临床专业健康知识总分最高，健康知识理念、健康技能、健康行为得分均高于其他专业。

　　4.不同年级健康素养及各维度得分的差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。一年级在健康知识得分和总得分低于二年级、三年级得分，随着年级的升高，大学生的健康知识、健康行为和技能水平有上升的趋势。

　　5.不同生活费的大学生健康知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为得分差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,健康技能得分差异无统计学意义。

　　6.独生子女健康技能得分高于非独生子女，来源与城市的大学生健康技能得分高于城镇和农村的大学生，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

　　7.不同父母文化程度的大学生健康素养得分的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。随着父母文化程度的提高，大学生的健康素养水平有上升的趋势。

　　8.logistic 回归分析显示:健康素养主要影响因素为性别、年级、专业。健康素养与父母教养方式中父母拒绝因子呈显着负相关关系，与父母情感温暖因子呈显着正相关关系；与领悟社会支持水平呈正相关关系。

　　结论：

　　1.在校大学生总体健康素养水平偏低，而且健康素养三个维度的素养水平不均衡。大学生普遍具备健康技能素养水平，但大学生的健康生活方式与行为得分最低。

　　2.健康素养的三个维度，即健康知识理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能三者之间呈正相关关系。

　　3.医学类院校的大学生健康素养高于其他类别的院校，影响在校大学生健康素养的主要因素是性别、年级、专业。

　　4.父母教养方式的大部分因子与健康素养及其各维度呈显着相关。其中父母亲拒绝与健康素养及其维度呈显着负相关关系；父母亲情感温暖与健康素养及其维度呈显着正相关关系。领悟社会支持水平与健康素养呈正相关关系。

　　5.提高在校大学生的健康素养水平应从加强学校健康教育，积极利用不同大众传播媒介进行健康教育的方法，并对在校大学生定期检测健康素养水平。广泛利用各种资源为在校大学生创造有利于提高健康素养水平的环境氛围。

　　关键词：大学生；健康素养；影响因素

　　Abstract

　　Objective: Understand the status of health literacy among college students, and analyzethe main factors affecting college students' health literacy, explore ways of parentsteaching, and realize the impact of social support on college students' health literacy,find the problems and weak links, work for students' health literacy interventiontargeted to provide the reference basis.

　　Methods: Take the stratified cluster sampling method, 1983 college students in a threecolleges and universities students (1783 valid questionnaires), anonymous survey. Withinvestigation tools include questionnaire of general demographic data, health literacy,the Chinese version of Jane's parents parenting questionnaire, understanding socialsupport scale.Using SPSS17.0 software t test, single factor analysis, Pearson correlationanalysis and multiple regression analysis data.

　　Results:

　　1.College students' health literacy average always divided into 61.11±11.95;Health knowledge and concept scored an average of 62.75±15.49; A healthy lifestyleand behavior scored an average of 51.98±14.33; Health skills scored an average of80.80±15.93. Health literacy among medical colleges scored higher than science andliberal arts colleges score, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

　　2. Different gender of college students' health literacy and each dimension scoredifferences statistically significant (P < 0.05); Male students scored health literacyscores, health knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behavior scored lower thangirls; Health skill score higher than girls and boys.

　　3. Different professional health literacy and each dimension score differences werestatistically significant (P < 0.05). Clinical score the highest professional healthknowledge, health knowledge and concepts, skills, health behavior score were higherthan other professional.

　　4. Health literacy and different grade of each dimension score differences werestatistically significant (P < 0.05). In grade one in the healthy knowledge score and totalscore lower than that of grade two and grade three points, with the increase of grade,students' health knowledge, health behavior and skills level has a tendency to rise.

　　5. Different cost of living of college students' healthy knowledge and concept, healthylifestyle and behavior differences statistically significant (P < 0.05), health skills was nostatistical significance between.

　　6. Singleton female health skill score higher than non-only child, sources with the city'scollege students health skill scores higher than that of urban and rural students,statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

　　7. Different parents culture level of college students' health literacy score difference wasstatistically significant (P < 0.05). With the improvement of parents' cultural degree,college students' health literacy has a tendency to rise.

　　8. Logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors that influence the healthliteracy for gender, grade, professional. Parents refused to factor in the way of healthliteracy and parents were significantly negative correlation relationship, emotionalwarmth factor was significantly positively related to relationship with parents; Andunderstanding level of social support were positively correlated.

　　Conclusion:

　　1. University students overall level of health literacy is low, the threedimensions of health literacy and health literacy level uneven. College students' generalhealth skills literacy levels, but a healthy lifestyle and behavior of the college studentsscored lowest.

　　2. Health literacy of three dimensions, namely, health knowledge and concept, healthylifestyle and behavior, health skills positively correlated relationship between the three.

　　3. Medical college students at the university of health literacy is higher than other typesof universities, the main factors affecting college students health literacy is gender,grade, professional.

　　4. Most of the way parents factor was significantly correlated with health literacy and itsall dimensions. The father, mother refused to health literacy and its dimension hassignificant negative correlation relationship; Father, mother's emotional warmth andhealth literacy and its dimensions were significantly positive correlation. Apprehend thelevel of social support and health literacy was positively related to relationship.

　　5. Improve the health literacy level of college students should strengthen school healtheducation, and actively use different mass media to conduct health education method,and periodic testing health literacy level of college students. Extensive use of variousresources for college students to create to improve health literacy levels of theatmosphere.

　　Keywords: College students; health literacy; influencing factor
 

　　目录

　　Abstract

　　1前言

　　1.1研究背景

　　1. 2文献回顾

　　1. 3研究意义

　　2研究内容与方法

　　2. 1研究内容

　　2. 2研究对象

　　2. 3研究工具

　　2. 4质量控制

　　2. 5统计学方法

　　3结果

　　3. 1大学生健康素养基本情况

　　3. 2不同学校大学生健康素养情况

　　3. 3不同特征调查对象健康素养状况

　　3. 4大学生健康素养与父母教养方式的关系

　　3.5大学生健康素养与领悟社会支持的关系

　　4讨论

　　4.工大学生健康素养基本情况

　　4. 2健康素养维度间的关系分析

　　4. 3不同学校类别对健康素养水平的影响

　　4. 4大学生健康素养影响因素探讨

　　4. 5大学生健康素养与父母教养方式的关系

　　4. 6大学生健康素养与领悟社会支持的关系

　　4. 7建议

　　5结论

　　5. 1结论

　　5. 2研究不足和展望

　　6参考文献

　　7致谢