美术馆与中小学校相结合的公共教育开展研究

　　摘 要

　　美术馆作为一个社会文化教育机构，是连接文化艺术与观众的纽带，对提升公众文化艺术素质具有不可替代作用。充分利用美术馆丰富的教育资源，馆校合作，发挥美术馆公共教育资源在中小学美术教育中的作用，在我国尚处在起步阶段，无论是馆校合作的机制、方法、模式，还是合作的理论研究，与国外先进国家相比，都还有较大的差距。

　　中小学生是美术馆公共教育的主要对象，开展美术馆与中小学校相结合的公共教育合作，能使更多的中小学生走进美术馆，使用美术馆的艺术资源，提高中小学生的艺术素养、审美能力及身心健康的全面发展，同时也增强了美术馆社会教育的地位和影响。如何面向中小学生开展美术教育活动，已成为当今美术馆公共教育研究的重要课题。

　　文章分四个部分：第一部分主要从理论上对美术馆与美术馆公共教育职能进行阐述，从美术馆公共教育职能的定义、范畴、特点、意义及国内外美术馆公共教育的历史与现状进行分析，明确美术馆公共教育的内涵与发展方向。第二部分通过研究美术馆公共教育与中小学生之间的关系，探讨美术馆公共教育对中小学生成长发展的重要作用，及对中小学美术教师的影响。第三部分以烟台芝罘区为例，调查中小学美术教育利用美术馆资源的现状和存在的问题，结合国内外发达地区美术馆与中小学美术教育合作的实例与经验，为馆校合作的公共教育机制的建立，提供了依据。第四部分，探索馆校合作的公共教育机制，制定美术馆公共教育课程，例举策划案例，提出切实可行的改进方案和馆校合作的公共教育建议。

　　本论文的创新之处，一是从改变美术馆与师生之间沟通的方式入手，探讨如何使中小学的教师和学生由被动的接受者，转变为主动的带着自己需求和期望的学习者，这种转变决定了美术馆公共教育方式的未来发展趋势。二是从中小学生的生理与心理两方面进行数据分析，对美术馆公共教育的理论研究具有较高的参考价值。三是在立足国内外先进美术馆公共教育活动案例的基础上，探索学校美术馆化和美术馆学校化发展，对美术馆公共教育职能的发挥是有一定的指导意义。

　　关键词：美术馆，中小学，美术馆公共教育，馆校结合

　　Abstract

　　As a social and cultural education institution, art museum is the tie that connectsculture and art with the audience, and plays an irreplaceable role in increasing thequality of public culture and art.

　　The school-museum cooperation, having an important role to play in primary andsecondary school with its abundant public education resources, is still in its infancy inour country. Compared with foreign advanced countries, there is a larger gap, either ofthe cooperation mechanism, method and model, or theoretical research.

　　Primary and secondary school students are the main objects of art museum publiceducation. The combination of public education cooperation could make morestudents step into the museum, and it could improve students' artistic accomplishment,aesthetic ability and the all-round development in both of the physical and mentalhealth through the art resources of museum. There is, meanwhile, of great importancefor museum to enhance the status and influence of social education. Therefore, it hasbecome an important researching issue that how to carry out art education for primaryand secondary school students in today's art museum public education.

　　The paper is divided into 4 parts. Firstly, it is mainly in theory of art museum and itsfunctions of public education, analyzing from the definition, category characteristicsand significance of museum public education, and the history and actuality ofdomestic and foreign art museum public education, further to clear connotation anddevelopment of the public education. Secondly, by the study of relationship betweenmuseum public education and students, it is to discuss the importance and influenceof museum public education for primary and secondary school students' growth anddevelopment, and also for art teachers. Thirdly, taking Yantai Zhifu District as anexample, it is to investigate the status quo of school using art resources, combiningwith the successful experience in developed areas at home and abroad, and toprovide the advice to establish cooperation between school and museum. Finally, it isto explore school-museum cooperation mechanism of public education, to develop artmuseum education course, and to put forward the feasible improvement proposal.

　　The innovation of this paper is firstly that a change from the way of communicationbetween museum and teachers and students, discussing how to make the teachersand students from passive recipients into active learners with their needs andexpectations, and the transformation determines the future development trend of themode of public education. Secondly, it is to make the data analysis from the twoaspects of students' intelligence and psychology, for a certain guiding role in thetheory research of art museum public education. It is finally to explore thecomprehensive and integrated development trend between museum and school, onthe basis of the domestic and foreign advanced art museum cases, for a certainguiding significance in the development of art museum public education.

　　Key Words:ART MUSEUM,PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL,ARTMUSEUM PUBLIC EDUCATION, SCHOOL MUSEUM COOPERATION

    目 录

　　摘 要

　　Abstract

　　目 录

　　第一章 绪论

　　一、问题的起因

　　二、国内外研究现状

　　三、本文的研究方法和意义

　　第二章 美术馆公共教育

　　一、美术馆的定义和研究范畴

　　二、美术馆的公共教育职能

　　三、美术馆公共教育的发展概况

　　第三章 美术馆公共教育与中小学美术教育

　　一、美术馆与中小学美术教育的关系

　　二、美术馆公共教育与中小学生全面发展

　　三、美术馆公共教育对中小学教师的影响

　　第四章 中小学美术教育使用美术馆资源的现状--以烟台市芝罘区为例

　　一、选例的原因

　　二、学生使用美术馆公共教育资源的状况

　　三、教师使用美术馆公共教育资源的状况

　　第五章 探索馆校结合的美术馆公共教育模式

　　一、美术馆公共教育课程的开发

　　二、健全完善馆校合作的公共教育机制

　　三、建立艺术教育基金

　　结 语

　　参考文献

　　致 谢