摘 要
农村外出务工人员是中国城市迅猛发展的主要劳动力之一。由于我国工业化、城市化和现代化的发展需求，农村青壮年仍在大量向城市流动。一方面，农民工进城务工为城市经济建设的快速发展做出了巨大贡献；另一方面，随着流动人口的不断增加，被迫与父母分隔两地的农村留守少年已成为一个数量庞大的群体，农村留守少年问题发人深思，亟待解决。
农村留守少年是一个特殊的社会群体，他们由于父母双方或单方长期在外打工而被交由父母单方或长辈、他人来抚养、教育和管理，成长关键时期却缺乏必要的关心与呵护，与非留守同龄群体相比，容易产生认知、价值上的偏差与个性、心理发展的异常，一些人甚至会走上犯罪道路。根据全国妇联 2013 年最新发布的《我国农村留守儿童、城乡流动儿童状况研究报告》显示（全国妇联课题组 2013），我国农村留守子女的数量已达 6102.55 万，总体规模继续扩大，这一特殊的群体在城市化的浪潮下陷入了生存困境和心理困境，正常社会化受到了严重的影响，其中的一部分人甚至走上了违法犯罪道路。这一现象的出现与进一步扩大令人担忧，应当引起全社会的广泛关注。为此，研究留守少年犯罪问题，探析其犯罪的价值取向和心理动因，对于从深层次认识、预防和减少农村留守少年犯罪，为农村留守少年们的健康成长提供帮助，有重要的学术价值和政策意义。同时，从社会学层面对农村留守少年的犯罪现象进行解释，提出预防和减少农村留守少年犯罪发生的对策，对于弥补法律在社会转型加剧时期凸显的法律控制层面的漏洞，进一步完善我国的法制建设意义深远。
本文在象征性交互作用的理论视角下研究农村留守少年群体的犯罪现象。笔者以留守少年真实的生存状况为依据，全面分析了导致该群体实施犯罪行为的原因。分析认为，农村留守少年社会化环境的缺陷造成了其感到被遗弃、不受关注等偏执的价值观和心理机制。为此，部分人选择了与主流社会期望相悖的行动策略，即通过实施违法犯罪的行为来证明自己的个人能力和自我存在感，通过在犯罪中施加对他人的影响来反击个人现实层面中面临的社会地位低下、情感需求不能得到满足的、持久无奈的生存困境与自卑心理。而农村留守少年外部支持的欠缺，加剧了他们实施犯罪行为的可能性。在此篇论文中，通过对某县的一起入室抢劫杀人案的全面、深入解读，验证了笔者关于留守少年犯罪成因的理论分析。增加了此篇论文的说服力。基于此分析，笔者认为应该从社会支持层面出发，构建家庭、学校、社会一体的社会支持网络，强化全社会的救助力量；同时政府应不断完善现有司法体系，尝试将专业的社会工作引入农村社区；运用各项举措共同预防农村留守少年犯罪行为的发生。
关键词：农村留守少年；留守少年犯罪；象征性交互作用
ABSTRACT
Rural migrant workers are the main source of labor force in the rapid development of thecity in China. With the rapid development of China's industrialization, urbanization andmodernization ,the trend that surplus rural labor force to cities is still aggravate. On the onehand, rural migrants who have moved to cities to work have promoted the city's economicconstruction, on the other hand, with the rapid increase of floating population, the amount ofleft-behind juvenile in the Countryside are forced separated from their parents is increasing.
The problem of left-behind juvenile in the countryside provide much material for thought,which should be solved immediately.
The left-behind juvenile in the countryside is a special groups during the turning-pointperiod of our society that be delivered by one of the parents or elders, others to support,education and management because one or both parents long-term working outside. In 2013,alatest research of the status report of left-behind children in the countryside and the floatingchildren in urban and rural areas from Chinese Women's Federation released , the amount ofthis group have achieved 6102.55 millions, and because of the size of this group continued toexpand, under the trend of urbanization, this particular group receives survival predicamentand psychological predicament, seriously affected their normal socialization. Even to theextent that some of them committed crimes.
The emergence of this phenomenon and to further expand makes people worrying. Forthis, researching the question of crimes from left-behind juvenile in the countryside andanalysis of the orientation of the value of crime and psychological motive have an importantacademic value and the policy meaning to deep-acknowledge 、prevent and reduce crimesfrom left-behind children in the countryside and help this group's healthy growth .At the sametime, to explain the phenomenon of crime of rural left-behind juvenile from the sociologicalperspective and put forward the countermeasures to prevent and reduce crimes of ruralleft-behind juvenile, which have a far-reaching significance to compensate for the increasedlevel of legal control laws transformation period highlights the vulnerability in the society andfurther perfect our country's legal system construction .
This paper using a perspective of “Symbolic interaction theory”, through in-depthanalysis of a real case of house robbery and homicide from left-behind juvenile in thecountryside, research suggests that the defects of socialization of left-behind juvenile causeparanoid values and psychological mechanism that this group feel abandoned or not to beconcerned. So part of them choose an action strategy on the contrary of the mainstream socialexpectations, that is they want to prove personal ability and raise their own presence byimplementing illegal crimes, they exert influence on others in the crime to counter theindividual faced in the practical level of low status, emotional needs cannot be satisfiedthrough legal means of persistent survival predicament and self-abased psychology. The lackof external support, exacerbated by the possibility of the crime. Based on this analysis, Fromthe point of view of social support level,the author think should putting forward a proposalsthat build a social support network of family, school, social development、strengthen therescue force, at the same time, the government should continue to improve the existing legalsystem, the establishment of village correction mode; joint prevention and reduce theincidence of left behind juvenile criminal acts.
KEY WORDS: Left-behind juvenile in the countryside , The left behind juveniledelinquency,Symbolic Interaction Theory
目 录
第一章 导论
1.1 研究背景
1.2 研究目的与意义
1.2.1 研究目的
1.2.2 研究意义
1.3 国内外研究综述
1.3.1 国外研究现状
1.3.2 国内研究现状
1.3.3 国内外研究述评
1.4 研究依据
1.4.1 理论依据
1.4.3 现实依据
1.5 研究方法
1.5.1 文献研究法
1.5.2 个案研究法
1.5.3 求全法
1.6 创新点
1.6.1 研究视角新意
1.6.2 研究方法新意
第二章 农村留守少年的生存现状
2.1 农村留守青少年概况
2.1.1 人口规模
2.1.2 监护类型
2.2 农村留守少年的生存现状
2.2.1 社会化不健全
2.2.2 教育问题
2.2.3 心理困境
2.2.4 安全问题
2.2.5 留守青少年犯罪已成为社会问题
第三章 农村留守少年的犯罪特征
3.1 犯罪率提高
3.2 犯罪低龄化
3.3 侵财型案件居多
3.4 以团伙抢劫偷盗为主
3.5 连续性犯罪
第四章 农村留守少年犯罪的成因分析
4.1 主观因素
4.2 客观因素
4.2.1 家庭背景
4.2.2 学校环境
4.2.3 社会因素
4.2.4 同辈群体
第五章 预防农村留守少年犯罪的思考及建议
5.1 几点思考
5.1.1 家庭、学校、社会的教养职责
5.1.2 发展型社会政策的制定
5.2 对策建议
5.2.1 完善留守少年司法保护体系
5.2.2 重构留守少年社会支持网络
5.2.3 强化留守少年生活环境的综合治理
5.2.4 尝试将专业社会工作引入农村社区
5.2.5 农村留守少年努力完善自己，实现自我价值
参考文献
致 谢
