大众文化视域下城市广场舞发展障碍及成因研究

　　“城市广场舞”是一种现代城市生活的综合性群体休闲方式，具有沟通、健体、散心、健美、娱乐等功能，它节奏欢快、场面活泼、通俗易学且舞乐合一，广受城市居民的喜爱，更是中老年人在茶余饭后的健身必选活动。随着城市广场舞的普及，参与的人数越来越多，影响也越来越大，先前不为人注意的“隐患”也日益突出。因为城市广场舞大多是群众自发聚集起来的，既缺乏基本的管理规范也缺少必需的专用场地设施和艺术指导经费，所以常常导致城市广场舞成为“在错误的时间、错误的地点进行的一场错误的聚会”;在城市广场舞的诸多争议中，比较突出的就是现状中的“噪音扰民”和发展中的“低档无序”.
　　
　　当前，城市广场舞因“噪音扰民”难题而与周边居民之间的矛盾越来越严重，时有矛盾激化的社会冲突事件见诸报端；作为一种城市公共文化服务的聚合与延伸，城市广场舞的发展不应该长时间处于“无序”、“无组织”和“低档层”状态，应该从社会组织层面、财政帮扶层面、文化艺术内涵提升层面等加以引导，使之真正成为健康规范、文明有序、精神焕发、集健身-休闲-文娱于一体的、综合性的城市文化产品，成为新世纪中国在新型城市化过程中应运而生的“过硬”文化品牌。
　　
　　本文将“城市广场舞”这一研究对象置于“大众文化视域”进行理论层面与实践层面相结合的研讨和分析，认为城市广场舞属于新世纪以来快速城市化过程中出现的、具有鲜明“中国特色”的文化现象和社会现象。它具备大众文化所共有的“短平快”、“感染性”、“易复制”、“受众广”等特性，同时又糅合了现代休闲体育、群众舞蹈和流行音乐等因素，主体参与者具有鲜明的年龄阶段、社会阶层和特定时间等。把城市广场舞发展纳入大众文化发展的维度，讨论其发展中遇到的障碍与难题，条分缕析地研讨问题产生的原因，并针对性地提出解决问题的对策，该论文细分五章。
　　
　　论文第一章首先对大众文化的正义维度进行解析，从自由、平等和差异三个方面具体展开。首先从自由的方面，主要是沿着文化传播的路径，文化资源获取、文化资源的消费和文化资源的创新与传播三个方面论述文化的自由；其次是平等的方面，主要是按照主体的不同进行论述，文化消费主体之间的平等，文化资源获取与消费的平等，文化与文化之间的平等，对文化行为参与要素之间的平等进行论述；最后，从差异的角度进行论述，应当尊重消费主体之间的差异，尊重文化与文化之间的差异，这些都应当是社会生活中正常存在的现象，拒绝文化的“同质化”趋势，尊重和保持文化多样性，尊重不同文化生态中不同的文化制度，文化制度应当结合地方性特色进行，但又不能膜拜制度，应给予文化自由发展的空间，在一定限度内自由的发展，拒绝以“自由”的旗号，任意推行“三俗”文化，差异应当是一定文化品质之上的差异。
　　
　　第二章将结合广场舞的特点，在文化正义维度内对广场舞进行解析，首先介绍广场舞的特点，目前国内发展状况，发展过程中遇到的问题等；其次，从自由的维度对广场舞进行解析，广场舞参与主体是自由的，任何人都可参与，广场舞的形式欢快自由，广场舞的编曲和舞蹈方面是自由的，广场舞的传播同样是自由的；再次，从平等的维度对广场舞进行解析，广场舞参与群体的平等，广场舞文化之间的平等，广场舞文化同其他文化形式之间的平等；最后，从差异的维度对广场舞对话进行解析，广场舞文化形式之间的差异，广场舞接受和消费的差异，广场舞同其他文化之间的差异等。
　　
　　第三章主要论述广场舞文化的正义缺失及其表现，广场舞文化的发展和传播，首先，从制度设计上论述广场舞文化正义缺失的原因，主要分析广场舞群体的表现及原因，以及制度设计上对于广场舞群体的忽视；其次，从市场资源、政治资源和社会资源三个方面论述资源利用上的正义排斥，论述广场舞在发展过程中资源获取方面的问题；最后，分析不同群体对于广场舞的态度，广场舞大妈们、家庭和社会不同群体对于广场舞问题的不同态度。
　　
　　第四章主要论述广场舞文化的文化正义实现，如何我国现阶段实现广场舞健康稳定的发展。首先，从政治制度方面进行论述，谈论以人为本思想与社会稳定、社会治理体制之间的关系问题，论述政治制度在文化发展中的重要作用；其次，论述社会资源、市场资源和政治资源在广场舞文化发展过程中应当起到的作用；再次，从广场舞文化、参加群体和编曲等方面论述广场舞，需找提升优化自身文化形式的方式和途径；最后，从广场舞文化的普及与提高方面进行论述，论述广场舞在我国大众文化中的重要作用，论述广场舞文化普及与提高之间的矛盾，需找解决这种矛盾的途径。
　　
　　第五章主要论述广场舞文化在这个时代的角色定位，广场舞与其他文化形式之间的关系问题，广场舞在这个时代自身发展问题，广场舞在全球化浪潮中应当扮演的角色问题等进行阐述。
　　
　　总体来看，广场舞是深受广大群众喜爱的文化体育活动，政府部门必须进行合理规划、安排和引导。具体策略是：以扶持、引导、规范为重点，培育一批扎根基层、综合素质较高、专兼职结合的广场舞教练队伍，推出一批具有文化内涵、审美品位和健身功能，便于群众接受的广场舞作品，培育一批具有导向性、示范性的广场舞品牌活动，同时，为基层群众就近方便地提供广场舞活动场地，广泛开展免费发放教学光盘、公益培训、展演展示、原创作品征集评选等普及推广活动。要加强对广场舞活动的规范管理，大力宣传相关法律法规，并结合实际制定人性化、针对性强的广场舞活动管理办法、活动准则或文明公约。
　　
　　[关键词]大众文化；城市广场舞；发展；引导；正义；制度。
　　
　　City square dance is a kind of leisure entertainment in modern city life . It is sonamed because people gather in squares to dance in most cases. Withself-entertainment and performability integrated as a whole, its main form ofperformance is group dancing, and its main purpose is to entertain both the mind andthe body. City square dance is organized by people voluntarily in public places, andthe participants are mostly middle-aged and elderly people, most of whom are women.Square dance is created by the people and belongs to people. With the popularity ofcity square dance, more and more people are to participate in the activities, as well asits influence. Some problems that people don't notice are also gradually exposed inthe process of its development, such as a lack of management standard and Artdirection funds.
　　
　　At the same time, it also sparked some controversy, among which noise anddisorderly development are the most outstanding disputes. The noise creates conflictsbetween city square dancers and surrounding residents, which we can often read in thenews. As a Aggregation and outspread of city public cultural services, thedevelopment of city square dance should not be disorder and low levels. We shallgive guidance to it from the aspects of organization, financial and art, making it to bea new cultural brand in the process of urbanization.
　　
　　This paper will study city square dance under the perspective of mass culture, incombination with two aspects of theory and practice. City square dance is a culturalphenomenon which emerges in the process of urbanization with Chinesecharacteristics. It has the characteristics of mass culture, combining the elements ofthe modern leisure sports, mass dance and popular music. This paper will discuss theproblem it faces in the process of development, making a careful and detailed analysisand proposing targeted countermeasures.
　　
　　This paper will be divided into five chapters. The first chapter will parse justicedimension of mass culture from the aspects of liberty, equality and diversity. Alongthe path of cultural transmission, we discuss the freedom of culture from culturalresources, cultural consumption and cultural resources for innovation. According tothe different main body, the equality between the cultural consumption subject,culture resources acquisition and consumption of equality, the equality between theculture and culture, the equality between the cultural participation elements arediscussed. Discussing from the perspective of difference, we shall respect thedifferences between consumption subject, respect the culture differences, respect andmaintain cultural diversity. Culture system should be combined with local culturalcharacteristics and give free space to culture development, but not worship thesystem.
　　
　　The second chapter will analyze city square dance in the view of the culturaljustice, combining the characteristics of the square dance. I will introduce thecharacteristics of city square dance and its current situation, problems in the processof development. From the perspective of freedom, there is no limit on the participants,dance forms, mode of transmission in city square dance. From the perspective ofequality, participants are equal, so as city square dance culture and other culturalform.
　　
　　The third chapter will mainly discuss the justice of square dance culture and itsperformance, development and spread. On account of system design, justice ismissing in city square dance culture. From the aspects of the market, political andsocial resources, I will discuss the justice of resource utilization on the rejection. AtCity square dance is a kind of leisure entertainment in modern city life . It is sonamed because people gather in squares to dance in most cases. Withself-entertainment and performability integrated as a whole, its main form ofperformance is group dancing, and its main purpose is to entertain both the mind andthe body. City square dance is organized by people voluntarily in public places, andthe participants are mostly middle-aged and elderly people, most of whom are women.Square dance is created by the people and belongs to people. With the popularity ofcity square dance, more and more people are to participate in the activities, as well asits influence. Some problems that people don't notice are also gradually exposed inthe process of its development, such as a lack of management standard and Artdirection funds.At the same time, it also sparked some controversy, among which noise anddisorderly development are the most outstanding disputes. The noise creates conflictsbetween city square dancers and surrounding residents, which we can often read in thenews. As a Aggregation and outspread of city public cultural services, thedevelopment of city square dance should not be disorder and low levels. We shallgive guidance to it from the aspects of organization, financial and art, making it to bea new cultural brand in the process of urbanization.the end of the chapter, I will analyze the attitude of different social groups towardscity square dance.
　　
　　The fourth chapter will mainly discuss that how to realize the justice of citysquare dance culture. People-oriented thoughts and social stability, socialmanagement system are playing a very important role in the development of culture.Social resources, market resources and political resources are to promote thedevelopment of city square dance culture. We need to improve and optimize citysquare dance, and find the solution to the contradiction with the residents.
　　
　　The fifth chapter will mainly discuss the role positioning of city square danceculture in the current era. We should pay attention to the relationship between citysquare dance and other forms of culture, the relation between city square dance andthe era development. We must figure out what city square dance culture means inglobalization.