P2P网络借贷的法律风险与制度完善

　　摘要

　　P2P网络借贷作为一种新型的借贷模式，自2005年在英国出现后，依托互联网技术的发展，在世界范围内广泛传播，发展势头迅猛。2007年P2P网络借贷进入我国，它为我国金融市场注入了新的活力，为消费者个人信贷和小微企业融资提供了新的途径，成为国人竞相追捧的对象。但P2P网贷在国内尚属新兴事物，一方面存在着身份模糊、法律缺位、监管不足等弊端，另一方面，与该借贷模式密切相关的统一的征信体系尚未在我国实现，这使得P2P网络借贷在我国的发展面临着许多新问题，阻碍了 P2P网贷行业在我国的进一步发展。本文拟通过分析该新型借贷模式中的法律关系与存在的法律风险，结合国外P2P网贷发展较成熟国家的相关法律制度设计，探索完善我国P2P网络借贷法律制度的行之有效的路径。

　　本文共分为四个部分。第一个部分是关于P2P网贷法律制度的概述，从整体上介绍了 P2P网贷的定义及在我国的特殊含义，P2P网贷的特征以及国内P2P网贷相关法律的概况和存在的不足之处。第二部分具体介绍了 P2P网贷模式中存在的三种法律关系，并从中介机构、贷款人、借款人的角度分别分析了 P2P网贷中存在的法律风险。第三部分主要是介绍P2P网络借贷的域外经验和对我国的启示，从监管主体、监管内容、监管方式的角度分别介绍了 P2P网贷发展相对成熟的美国、英国、法国的相关法律制度。第四部分是对我国P2P网贷法律制度提出的完善建议，具体包括明确P2P网贷行业的法律地位、确定P2P网贷的监管主体、强化P2P网贷平台的信息披露义务、建立P2P网贷平台的准入、风控与退出机制以及加强消费者保护。

　　关键词：P2P网络借贷，法律关系，法律风险，法律制度

　　ABSTRACT

　　P2P Lending as a kind of new lending patterns appeared in the UK in 2005,relying on thedevelopment of Internet technology, widely spreads throughout the world and rapidly develops. P2PLending entering our country in 2007,it has injected new vitality for our country financial markets,and provided a new way to personal credit for consumers and small micro enterprise financing,which makes it becoming popular. But P2P Lending is new in our country. On the one hand, there arethe disadvantages of Identification of fuzzy, absence of law,lack of supervision. On the other hand,unified credit system which is closely associated with the lending patterns has not yet beenestablished in our country, which makes the development of P2P Lending in our country faced withmany new problems,and hindered the further development of the lending industry in our country.

　　This article analyzes the legal relationship and legal risks in the new lending pattern, combining withthe existing of foreign experience in the legal system design of the P2P Lending, to explore theeffective way to perfect our legal system of P2P Lending.

　　This article is divided into four parts. The first part is about the overview of the P2P Lendinglegal system,this paper introduces the definition of P2P Lending,especially the meaning in ourcountry,the characteristics of P2P Lending, the general situation of domestic P2P Lending legalsystem and the shortcomings. The second part detailed introduces the three kinds of legalrelationship in the P2P Lending, and analyzes the legal risks existing in the P2P Lending from theborrower, the lender,the Intermediary institutions. The third part mainly introduces the outsideexperience P2P lending and the enlightenment to our country. It introduces the P2P Lending legalsystem of the United States, Britain and France from the subject,the mode and the substance of thesupervision. The fourth part is to suggest the improvement of our P2P Lending legal system,including clarifying the legal status of P2P Lending industry, determining the substance ofsupervision in the P2P Lending,strengthening the information disclosure obligation of P2P Lendingplatform, setting up the access, risk control and exit mechanism of the P2P Lending,and reinforcingthe protection of consumers.

　　KEY WORDS: P2P Lending,Legal relationships, Legal risks,Legal system
 

　　目录

　　摘要

　　1P2P网贷法律制度概述

　　1.1P2P网贷的界定

　　1.1.1P2P网贷的定义

　　1.1.2P2P网贷的特征

　　1.2P2P网贷相关法律的概况

　　1.3P2P网贷相关法律制度存在的不足

　　2P2P网贷法律关系与法律风险

　　2.1P2P网贷中的法律关系

　　2.2P2P网贷中的法律风险

　　2.2.1中介机构（P2P网贷平台）

　　2.2.2贷款人

　　2.2.3借款人

　　3P2P网贷法律制度的域外经验及启示

　　3.1美国

　　3.1.1监管主体

　　3.1.2监管方式

　　3.1.3监管内容

　　3.2英国

　　3.2.1监管主体

　　3.2.2监管方式

　　3.2.3监管内容

　　3.3法国

　　3.3.1监管主体

　　3.3.2监管方式

　　3.3.3监管内容

　　4我国P2P网贷法律制度的完善

　　4.1明确P2P网贷模式的法律地位

　　4.2确定P2P网贷监管主体

　　4.3 M^P2P网贷平台的准入、风控与退出机制

　　4.4强化平台的信息披露义务

　　4.5加强消费者贼

　　参考文献

　　致谢