深圳地区中小学游泳项目课程开设研究

　　摘要

　　中小学阶段是学生发展的关键阶段，是基础教育中的基础阶段，是培养人才和提高人的全面发展的关键时期。为了进一步完善体育教育，完善体育课程，发展学生的体质，我国学校体育进行了一系列课程改革的探索与实践，为进一步完善和发展学校体育打下基础。而在中小学幵设游泳课程既是落实中央政策的保障，又是发展学生身心，丰富学生体育生活，减少溺水事故的重要手段，促进学生健康发展的必然选择，同时广东省深圳市得天独厚的地理自然条件和雄厚的游泳人才健将，为深圳市中小学幵设游泳课程提供条件。

　　本文研究深圳地区中小学体育课程开展游泳项目的可行性，为中小学开展顺利幵展游泳教学提供借鉴，为中小学的体育课程改革提供支持，促进体育教学内容的丰富多样。本文利用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法等方法对深圳地区中小学开设游泳课程进行了调查，了解了开设游泳课程的师资条件、场地设施条件以及学校领导、家长以及学生三面意愿，为深圳中小学开设游泳课程提供支持。最终得出以下结论：

　　1 目前中小学学生的体质呈现逐年下降的趋势，进行体育锻炼是当务之急；且家长督促孩子学习游泳的动机主要是掌握生存技能（88%）和锻炼身体（91%），学生希望幵设的体育项目中游泳排第二，这充分说明了学校开设游泳运动是非常有必要的。

　　2 深圳中小学开设游泳课程的师资主要来自于高校的毕业生和在职的体育教师，高校对学生游泳教学目标明确、内容丰富；在职体育教师在学习和接受游泳培训的情况、从事游泳教学等方面充分的证明了学校老师大部分都具有游泳教学能力。深圳地区中小学开设游泳课程的师资条件充足。

　　3 中小学学校的分布大部分位于各个区，与游泳馆、池的地理位置相吻合；深圳地区学校、社区的游泳场地中了解到，有四分之一的游泳场馆是标准的25米*4道、25米*6道、25米*8道，有四分之一的游泳场馆有标准的50米*6道、50米*8道的游泳池，其他都是200平米以上不规则的游泳池和200平米以下不规则游泳池。游泳馆闲暇时间段调查中发现在工作日8时--12时时间段闲暇最多，其次是工作日12--14时，在游泳场馆闲暇时间段可以进行中小学游泳课程的教学，而游泳馆管理人员也表示，在给予补偿或者优惠政策的情况下，有意愿进行中小学的游泳教学。充分说明了深圳地区中小学游泳教学的场馆设施充足。

    4 在开设游泳课程的意愿调查中发现，学校领导同意开设游泳课程的占90%,家长认为孩子学习游泳的重要程度调查中，认为重要以上的占64%,家长支持孩子学习游泳的占60. 5%;学生对学校开设游泳课程的意愿调查中，持支持以上态度的占87.1%.充分说明学校、家长和学生都非常支持学校开设游泳课程。

　　5 在中小学游泳课程教学大纲的设置上基本符合学生身心发展的要求，但是也存在较多问题，教学目标设置不明确、教学内容选取上存在偏难的问题以及教学评价和考核上考核制度不健全等问题依然存在。这些都需要学校和教育部门根据新教学大纲的基本要求和学生的身心发展的要求进行全面深入的修改和深化设定。

　　关键词：深圳地区；中小学；游泳课程；可行性

　　Abstract

　　Stage of primary and secondary schools is a critical stage in the development ofstudents, it is the foundation of basic education stage, is to cultivate talents andimprove the critical period of people's development in an all-round way. In order tofurther improve sports education, improve the physical education curriculum,thedevelopment of students1 physique, our country school sports conducted a series ofexploration and practice of curriculum reform,school physical education lays thefoundation for further development and perfection. In primary and secondary schoolcourses in swimming is not only the guarantee to carry out the central policy,anddevelop the students body and mitid,enrich students' sports life,an important meansto reduce the number of drowning accidents, promote the healthy development of thestudents inevitably choice,shenzhen city,guangdong province,at the same timeadvantageous geographical natural conditions and abundant swimming talent andprovide the conditions for shenzhen swimming classes of primary and secondaryschools.

　　out the swimming teaching smoothly, provide support for primary and secondaryschool physical education curriculum reform, promote the sports teaching contentrich variety. This paper use the literature material,questionnaire survey, expertinterviews and other methods for the investigation of primary and secondary schoolcourses in swimming, in shenzhen area to understand the courses in swimming,facilities condition of teachers and school leaders,parents and students on three sideswill, provide support for shenzhen swimming classes of primary and secondaryschools. Finally draw the following conclusion:

　　1 To improve students' physical fitness, promote the development of swimmingexercise in primary and secondary schools, promote the school and the educationdepartment to carry out the spirit of quality education,to adapt to the basic educationcurriculum reform,which is a requirement of The Times,adolescent children's overallhealth of body and mind development and life security, shenzhen is necessary toprimary and secondary school courses in swimming, this is the result of to adapt toThe Times and social development, is a popular swimming practice,realize thedirection of “teaching” in China.

　　2 Open swimming in school in the will of the survey, school leaders, students,parents and students are very supportive school courses in swimming.

　　3 Swimming classes of primary and secondary schools in Shenzhen area of thefaculty has relatively abundant, mostly from the key institutions of higher learning inguangdong province,and the key institutions of higher learning swimming specialstudents' training and education in the teaching content,teaching skills and physicaltraining, teaching hours are very abundant, cultivate the students basic have primaryand secondary schools teaching ability.

　　4 The primary and secondary school courses in swimming venue facilities inShenzhen area is relatively abundant, the layout of the swimming pool and opening tothe outside world is very conducive to use in school.

　　5 Swimming lessons in primary and secondary schools teaching outline on theset of basic meets the requirement of students' physical and mental development, butalso have many problems, the teaching goal setting is not clear, selection of teachingcontent are difficult problem and teaching evaluation and examination assessmentsystem is not sound and other issues still exist. This requires the school and thedepartment of education under the new curriculum of basic requirements and thedemands of the development of student's body and mind to conduct a comprehensivein-depth change and deepen the set.

　　Key word: Shenzhen area; Primary and secondary schools; Swimming lessons;The feasibility of;
 

　　目录

　　1 前言

　　1.1 选题依据

　　1.2 研究意义

　　2 国内外研究现状

　　2.1 国外研究现状

　　2.2 国内研究现状

　　2. 2.1 有关游泳项目对中小学生身心发展影响的综述

　　2.2. 2 有关中小学体育教学中开展游泳项目的现状综述

　　3 研究对象和研究方法

　　3.1 研究对象

　　3.2 研究方法

　　3.2.1 文献资料法

　　3. 2. 2 调查法

　　3.2. 3 数理统计法

　　4 研究内容

　　4.1 深圳市中小学开设游泳课程的必要性分析

　　4.1.1 学生身心健康发展的需要

　　4.1.2 生存技能发展的需要

　　4.1.3 体育课程改革和发展的必要途径

　　4.1.4 丰富学生体育生活的必要方法

　　4.2 深圳地区中小学开设游泳课程的因素分析

　　4.2.1 师资条件

　　4. 2. 2 游泳课程的场地资源条件

　　4.2.3 深圳地区开设游泳课程的意愿分析

　　4. 2. 4 中小学开设游泳项目的教学要素分析

　　5 结论

　　致谢

　　参考文献