石家庄职专院校开展瑜伽选修课的研究

　　摘 要

　　目前，职业教育在我国教育体制中的重要地位越加凸显，近年来党中央、国务院也愈加重视职业教育的发展。在这一阶段，作为职业教育工作者我们必须探索和实践的大事是贯彻科学发展观、在不断变换地经济大局下培养更多对国家有用的人才。随着新一轮教育体制改革的不断深入，高校的体育教育迎来了新的机遇和挑战。高等职业专科院校体育课程改革的目的是：首先，选修课的内容要结合学生的专业，提高学生的专业素养和内在素质，并把新的元素吸入到体育课程之中；其次，让每个大学生都可以吸收正能量，减少沉迷网络的时间，积极参与到体育锻炼中来。因此，瑜伽教育的必要性也在逐步凸显。瑜伽运动一方面能够提高学生的身体素质，增加身体柔韧性，而且能够培养学生们的耐性等心理素质，近而能够从侧面对大学生健全的人格进行培养，这对于推动全民健身意识的提高、对丰富校园体育文化生活、对提高大学生身体素质和总体素质具有重要意义。

　　本文通过对相关资料的研究，以石家庄市 25 所高校中选取的 8 所院校为研究对象，通过查阅文件、人物访谈、调查研究、数据分析等方式进行了调查研究。通过调查石家庄市高等职业专科院校目前瑜伽课程的一些基本情况，如师资力量、场馆设施、学校态度和学生学习瑜伽的动机以及学习效果等，同时将全面调查研究瑜伽作为选修课，进入石家庄市高等职业专科院校课堂的可行性以及面临的困难，并针对开设瑜伽选修课提出相应对策和建议，为瑜伽作为选修课在石家庄市高等职业专科院校的顺利开展提供了理论依据。通过对石家庄市高等职业专科院校开展瑜伽选修课的调查得出以下结果：

　　1. 石家庄市大部分高等职业专业院校已初步具备了开展瑜伽课程的基本条件，师资安排和场馆设施条件较好，但仍需进一步完善。同时学生对该课程兴趣浓厚、动机明确，相关的校领导对再体育选修课中引进瑜伽项目的态度很是肯定并支持。

　　2. 瑜伽课程的开设与实施，体现了素质教育和终身锻练的特点，尤其受到女大学生的欢迎。

　　3.瑜珈强调量力而行，每一个动作只要尽力就可以，并不需要达到一定的标准和程度。只要掌握了练习时的基本准则并在教师的引导下，任何人都可以练习瑜珈。所以，瑜珈在高等职业专科院校的普及性更加广泛，适用性更加广泛。

　　4.在大学选修课程中增加瑜伽课程必然存在运动教学开展中的一般问题。一方面，在之前，瑜伽方面专业教师较少，不能满足教师需要，另一方面，因为教师非专业出身，导致专业教学水平参差不齐，正规师资匮乏导致课程只能循序渐进，现在尚处于摸索阶段。

　　本文通过调查研究，针对瑜伽教学在高校中存在的现实问题和发展瓶颈进行分析，并据此提出针对性建议：

　　1. 尽可能地为学生提供更优良的教学环境和完备的场馆器材设施；2. 规范瑜伽教材体系，设立时尚健康瑜伽课程。

　　3. 高职专科院校瑜伽课程的教学老师要通过参加各种类型的瑜伽知识讲座或是瑜伽师资培训班，努力提高自身的专业技能水平。

　　4. 在瑜伽课程普及的基础上，针对不同的学生采取创新与因材施教相结合的方式进行教学，架构起符合大学生学习瑜伽的教学体系。

　　5. 充分利用第二课堂，给学生提供更多交流和展示潜能的机会。

　　6. 应根据教学的情况和学生的身体素质制定一套切合实际的评分标准。

　　关键词：石家庄市 高等职业专科院校 瑜伽选修课。

　　Abstract

　　At present, vocational education in the important position of the education system in ourcountry increasingly highlight, in recent years, the CPC central committee and the statecouncil also more and more attention to the development of vocational education. At thisstage, as a professional education workers, we must explore and practice the event is toimplement the scientific outlook on development, in the changing economic situation underthe train more useful talents to the country. With the deepening of the new round reform ofeducation system, colleges and universities sports education in the new opportunities andchallenges. Higher vocational college sports curriculum reform's aim is to: first, the content ofthe elective course to combine the students' major, professional accomplishment and innerquality of students, and bring new elements into the physical education curriculum; Second,let each students can absorb the positive energy, reduce the time of the Internet addiction,actively participate in physical exercise. Therefore, the necessity of yoga education alsogradually highlights. Yoga movement on the one hand, can improve the students' physicalquality, increase their flexibility, but also can cultivate the psychological quality of thestudents' patience, and close to from the side to cultivate college students' healthy personality,to promote the improvement of national fitness consciousness, to the rich campus sportsculture life, to improve the overall quality of college students' physical quality and is of greatsignificance.

　　In this paper, based on the research of the related data, in shijiazhuang in the collegesand universities to select 25 8 colleges and universities as the research object, throughconsulting documents, interviews, investigation and study, in the form of data analysis and thestudy of project. Through the investigation of shijiazhuang of higher vocational college atpresent some basic situation of yoga classes, such as teachers, facilities, schools, attitude andthe motivation of students to learn yoga and learning effect, etc., comprehensive investigationand study of yoga as a elective course at the same time, into the feasibility of shijiazhuangvocational college classroom and the facing difficulties, and put forward correspondingcountermeasure and the suggestion to open yoga course, for yoga as an elective course ofhigher vocational college in shijiazhuang smoothly to provide a theoretical basis. Through tothe shijiazhuang city of higher vocational college to carry out the survey of yoga course thefollowing results:

　　1. Shijiazhuang city most of the higher vocational colleges is preliminary already had thebasic conditions of yoga classes, teacher Arrangements and facilities condition is good, butstill need further perfect. At the same time has a strong interest in this course, students aremotivated, school related attitude toward sports elective course of the introduction of yogaproject again very affirmation and support.

　　2. Open and implementation of yoga course, embodies the characteristics of qualityeducation and lifelong exercise, get the welcome of female college students in particular.

　　3. Yoga emphasizes strengths, every movement just try our best to, do not need to reach acertain standard and degree. If mastered the basic principles of practice and under theguidance of teachers, anybody can practice yoga. So, yoga in the higher vocational college'spopularity is more extensive, more extensive applicability.

　　4. Add the yoga course in the university courses must carry out the general problems insports teaching. On the one hand, in the before, yoga in professional teachers is less, can'tmeet the requirements of teachers, on the other hand, because the teacher non-professionalorigins, lead to different levels of professional teaching, the teachers lack cause courses canonly step by step, now is still at groping stage.

　　In this paper, through investigation and study, in view of the practical problems existingin the yoga teaching in colleges and universities and the development bottleneck analysis, andaccordingly puts forward corresponding Suggestions:

　　1. As much as possible to provide students with more excellent teaching environment andthe complete venues equipment facilities;2. Specification of yoga teaching material system, set up a fashion health yoga classes.

　　3. The teaching of higher vocational college yoga classes teacher to take part in all kinds ofyoga knowledge lecture or yoga teacher training course, efforts to improve their professionalskills.

　　4. On the basis of popularization yoga classes, according to different students take the wayof innovation combined with their aptitude for teaching, accord with college students learnyoga teaching system architecture.

　　5. Make full use of the second classroom, providing students with more opportunities forcommunication and show potential.

　　6. According to the teaching situation and students' physical quality, formulate a set ofpractical criteria.

　　Key Words: Shijiazhuang City Higher vocational college Yoga course
 

　　目 录

　　中文摘要…… III

　　英文摘要…… V

　　前 言…… 1

　　1.1 选题依据 …… 1

　　1.2 研究意义 …… 3

　　1.2.1 理论意义 …… 3

　　1.2.2 实践意义 …… 4

　　1.3 概念的界定 …… 5

　　1.3.1 高等职业专科院校 …… 5

　　1.3.2 选修课 …… 5

　　1.3.3 瑜伽 …… 5

　　文献综述…… 7

　　2.1 国内外研究现状 …… 7

　　2.1.1 国外研究现状 …… 7

　　2.1.2 国内研究现状 …… 8

　　研究对象与方法…… 11

　　3.1 研究对象 …… 11

　　3.2 研究方法 …… 11

　　3.2.1 文献资料法 …… 11

　　3.2.2 问卷调查法 …… 11

　　3.2.3 专家访谈法 …… 13

　　3.2.4 数理统计法 …… 13

　　研究结果与分析…… 15

　　4.1 石家庄市高等职业院校开展瑜伽选修课程的必要性分析 …… 15

　　4.1.1 学生对瑜伽学习的调查分析 …… 15

　　4.1.2 瑜伽选修课与其他体育选修课的需求调查 …… 16

　　4.1.3 学生参加瑜伽选修课的动机 …… 17

　　4.2 石家庄市高等职业专科院校开展瑜伽选修课程的可行性分析 …… 19

　　4.2.1 学生对瑜伽的了解及主要途径 …… 19

　　4.2.2 石家庄高等职业专科院校开设瑜伽课程的条件分析 …… 19

　　4.2.3 高职专科院校开展瑜伽选修课程的方法 …… 21

　　4.3 高职院校体育选修课开展瑜伽选修课程的实施方案 …… 22

　　4.3.1 校领导的重视和肯定 …… 22

　　4.3.2 必须与学校体育标准、教学大纲及教材相结合 …… 23

　　4.3.3 场地安全及师资条件 …… 23

　　结论与建议…… 25

　　5.1 结论 …… 25

　　5.2 建议 …… 25

　　参考文献…… 27

　　致 谢…… 39