一汽大众新车型自主研发流程优化设计研究

　　摘 要

　　汽车市场竞争日趋激烈，产品研发战略变得日益重要，一汽-大众研发体系正逐渐由业务主导型转变为战略主导型，并致力于打造自主研发的战略能力。

　　研发能力的提升关系到企业的未来，而研发能力提升的核心工作之一是要建设一套强有力的流程支撑体系并不断优化其业务流程。

　　一汽-大众的产品开发流程主要是从德国大众公司产品开发流程移植转化而来。很长一段时间，一汽大众仅生产德国大众已经成熟的批量车型。从产品开发流程来看，主要工作集中在批量生产准备阶段，部分任务属于批量开发阶段。通过对实践经验不断总结，批量开发阶段和批量生产准备阶段的流程相当完善，执行比较得力，运行效果也不错。但是针对自主研发车型项目，虽然一汽-大众借鉴德国大众公司的经验制定了相应的产品开发工作流程，但该流程却过于粗糙，存在很多问题。

　　本文在探讨一汽-大众公司新车型自主研发过程中存在的问题，同时提出相应的优化自主研发流程体系的对策及解决方案。

　　一汽-大众新车型开发项目中存在的主要问题有：产品开发周期过长、开发成本相对较高。其中导致开发周期长，进度拖期主要有两个方面：一是方案和设计进度不能按期完成；二是由于合资公司的特点，自主研发的零件决策权和认可权掌握在德国大众手中，所以导致工作流程复杂，既涉及到国内，又涉及到德国，沟通过程不是理想状态。开发成本高体现在，一方面，整车本身的材料成本超出目标。另一方面，由于项目拖期，频繁的技术更改，引起开发费用、更改费用和生产投资急剧上升。项目过程控制上，一方面，方案开发阶段工作由研发部门主导，其他专业部门参与程度不高；另一方面，部门之间没有作为一个有机的整体来进行高效的沟通与协作。

　　而产生这些问题的原因有，产品开发工作流程本身不够完善；产品开发项目管理组织结构方面不够细化，工作分工不够明确；新产品开发过程中的项目管理缺少有效的 IT 系统的支持。

　　综上所述，一汽-大众为提高自主研发水平，必须持续建设其自主研发流程体系，不断优化业务流程：

　　借鉴德国大众成熟开发经验，细化组织机构，使工作任务分工更加明确，更加接近德国大众组织机构，提高沟通效率，降低沟通成本，从而推动产品开发项目的顺利实现。

　　科学规划研发队伍，提升研发人员能力，加速研发队伍的建设。

　　完善新产品开发项目主流程，完善各职能领域在新产品开发项目中的流程，细化专业微流程，补充完善新产品开发项目中的指导性文件。

　　建立和完善各类 IT 信息系统平台，用于固化流程，借助于信息技术，将流程通过系统来实现，固化人们的工作习惯，通过信息技术的支持，流程体系在形成和实施的效果上会更加迅速和有效。

　　构筑开发试制试验中心，建设专业整车试验场等以产品开发为方向的基础试验设施，升级技术开发部。

　　收集、整理在长期以往的开发过程中形成的具有企业特性和产品特性的指导性文件、技术要求和规范，制定成公司自己的企业标准。同时，为了使产品开发工作更加标准化和有序化，大大减少产品设计开发的失误，提升产品研发的速度，公司应充分重视产品研发流程的标准化工作。

　　关键词：自主研发、流程、一汽-大众、汽车、信息系统.

　　Abstract

　　The competition of the automobile market is becoming increasingly fierce,product development strategy becomes increasingly important, FAW – VW's R & Dsystem is gradually converted from the business to strategy oriented leading, and iscommitted to building the independent research and development strategiccapability.Improve the ability of research and development in relation to the futureof the enterprise, and the core work of the R & D ability promotion is to build astrong set of process support system and optimize the business process.

　　Product development process of FAW-VW is mainly transformed andtransplanted from the German Volkswagen Company product development process .

　　For a long time, FAW-VW produced only the production of Volkswagen's maturebatch models. For the product development process, the main work is focused on thepreparation for mass production stage, some tasks belonging to batch developmentstage. Through continuous summary of practical experience, the batch developmentstage and batch preparation phase of the process is quite perfect, perform moreeffective, the operation effect is good. But for the model project of independentresearch and development, although FAW-VW draw lessons from GermanyVolkswagen to develop the corresponding product development work process, butthe process is too rough, and there are a lot of problems.

　　In this paper to investigate the existing problems in the process of FAW-VWindependent research and development of new models and put forward thecorresponding optimization of independent research and development strategy offlow system and the solution.

　　The main problems existing in FAW-VW new car development projects are:

　　product development cycle is longer, the development cost is relatively high, it isdifficult to guarantee the development quality. Which leads to the long developmentcycle, tardy progress mainly has four aspects: one is the design schedule can not becompleted on schedule; two is due to the characteristics of the joint venturecompany, decision rights of parts and the rights of recognization of independentresearch and development are in the German Volkswagen hands, so lead tocomplicated process, involving not only the domestic, but also relates to the German,the communication process is not of an ideal state.

　　The high cost of development embodied in the vehicle itself, on the one hand,the cost of materials beyond the target. On the other hand, because the projecttardiness, frequent changes caused by technology, lead to the sharply rise ofdevelopment costs, change cost and production investment. The project processcontrol, on the one hand, conzept development stage work led by the R & Ddepartment, other department's participation degree is not high; on the other hand,different departments are not as an organic whole to communicate and collaborateefficiently .

　　The reasons for these problems are, the product development work processitself is not perfect; the organization structure of project management is not detailedenough, division of labor is not clear enough; to support project management of newproduct development in the process is lack of effective IT systems.

　　In summary, to enhance the independent research and development level,FAW-VW must continue construct its independent research and development ofprocess system, constantly optimize the business process:

　　With reference to the German Volkswagen mature development experience,refine organization, that task division more clear, more close to the German massorganizations, improve the efficiency of communication, reduce the communicationcost, so as to promote the smooth implementation of product development project.

　　Scientific planning of R & D team, enhance the ability of personnel ofresearch and development, accelerate the construction of R & D team.

　　Improve the main process of new product development project, improve thevarious functional areas in the development of new products process, specialize themicro flow, to supplement and improve the guidance document of new productdevelopment project.

　　To establish and perfect the IT information systems, curing process, with thehelp of information technology, will achieve the process through the system, curingpeople's work habits, through the support of information technology, the effect of theprocess in formation and implementation will be more rapid and effective.

　　Build the prototype and test center, construct the professional vehicle testfield ,develop the basic test facilities for product development, to upgradetechnology development department.

　　Collect the guidance document with enterprise and product features, collectthe technical requirement and specification formed in the development process, todevelop into the company's own corporate standards. At the same time, in order tomake the product development work more standardization and orderly, greatlyreducing the development of product design errors, enhance the speed of productdevelopment, the company should pay full attention to the standardization work ofproduct development process.

　　Keywords:independent research and development, process, FAW – VW, automobile,information system
 

　　目 录

　　摘 要……5

　　ABSTRACT……7

　　第 1 章 绪论……1

　　1.1 研究背景……1

　　1.2 研究意义……2

　　1.3 研究方法与内容……3

　　第 2 章 一汽-大众公司自主研发现状和问题分析……4

　　2.1 公司自主研发概况……4

　　2.2 公司自主研发现状评价……9

　　2.3 公司自主研发存在的问题原因分析 ……14

　　第 3 章 一汽-大众公司自主研发流程体系优化设计……18

　　3.1 公司自主研发组织和研发人员规划 ……19

　　3.2 公司自主研发流程优化……26

　　3.3 公司自主研发信息系统及基础设施构建 ……34

　　3.4 公司自主研发标准制订……37

　　第 4 章 一汽-大众公司自主研发流程实施和保障……39

　　4.1 公司自主研发流程的实施 ……39

　　4.2 公司自主研发流程实施的保障措施 ……40

　　结 论……42

　　参考文献……44

　　致 谢……46