大学生志愿服务者激励性管理探究

　　摘 要

　　随着志愿者事业的发展，志愿者对社会做出的贡献越来越大。大学生志愿者作为当今中国青年志愿者的主力军，自上世纪 90 年代以来，就以弘扬奉献、友爱、互助、进步的时代精神为主题，通过参与扶贫开发、社区服务、大型赛事志愿服务等活动，帮助社会弱势群体，为其提供一定的经济服务、生活帮助与精神慰藉，弥补社会保障在资金和服务人员数量、质量方面的不足，协助大型赛事顺利运转，大学生志愿者代表了国家的良好形象，为国家节省出大量人财物力。

　　当前，我国在校大学生参与志愿服务的人数众多，志愿服务领域涉及面广，高校和相应管理机构在各项志愿活动中积累了不少管理经验，但是，在管理过程中还是产生了这样那样的问题，需要我们进一步去探索和完善。当前阶段，大学生志愿服务精神内化不充分，高校志愿氛围不浓厚，大学生参与志愿活动的积极性不够高；大学生志愿活动所处的外部社会环境不完善，关于志愿活动的法律政策保障不完备，大学生参加志愿活动时基本权益没有保障；大学生志愿者管理制度本身激励性不足，大学生的志愿服务热情随入校时间增长而显着下降。

　　本文从激励角度出发，研究大学生志愿者管理这个课题，主要从大学生志愿者管理制度创新、管理系统内部志愿精神培育、管理系统外部环境优化三方面展开研究。本文创新性地将激励性因素纳入大学生志愿者管理制度设计中，加强志愿者队伍管理；通过紧抓高校德育教育，强化大学生志愿精神培育，提升大学生志愿者管理系统内部的信念力量，激励大学生踊跃参与志愿活动；通过完善国家关于志愿服务的相关政策、法律、法规，提高社会对志愿活动的关注度和认可度，优化大学生志愿活动的外部环境。通过上述三方面举措，激励大学生的志愿服务热情，保障大学生参与志愿活动时的基本权益，完善大学生志愿者管理制度，从而促进大学生志愿服务活动良性循环机制的形成。

　　关键词 大学生志愿者 志愿者管理 激励性管理。

　　Abstract

　　With the development of the career of volunteering, volunteers have been making more andmore contributions to society. As the main force in today's China Youth Volunteers, studentvolunteers have regarded dedication, friendship, mutual help and progressive times spiritpromotion as the theme since the 1990s. By participating in poverty alleviation anddevelopment, community service, volunteer service activities in large-scale events, they havehelped vulnerable groups in society and provide them with certain economic service, life helpand spiritual comfort. Student volunteers can compensate for the lack of social security infunds and the number of service personnel and quality and assist smooth working oflarge-scale events. Student volunteers represent a good image of the country and have saved alot of human and financial strength for the country.

　　Currently, the number of college students participating in volunteering service isconsiderable. Volunteering service covers a wide range. Universities and correspondingadministrative agencies have accumulated a lot of management experience in variousvolunteering activities. However, in the management process, various problems have emergedwhich need us to further explore and improve. At the moment, the spirit of college studentvolunteering is inadequate. College atmosphere is not strong. College students are not activeenough to participate in volunteering activities. External social environment of studentvolunteering activities is imperfect. The guarantees of laws and policies are incomplete.

　　College students' basic rights in volunteering activities can not be guaranteed. Studentvolunteer management system itself is not incentive enough. The enthusiasm of collegestudents towards volunteering service significantly decreased with longer college time.

　　The paper, based on the incentives perspective, studies the project of college studentvolunteer management. It mainly states the content on three aspects, such as college studentsvolunteer management system innovation, internal spirit cultivation of management systemand external environment optimization of management system. It innovatively takes incentiveelements into college student volunteer management system design to strengthen volunteeringmanagement. The spirit of volunteerism of college students and the internal faith power ofstudent volunteering management system will be promoted by clutching moral education incolleges. The social attention and recognition of volunteer activities will be increased and itsexternal environment optimized by improvement of relevant national policies and lawregulations on volunteering service. The above three measures can incentivize enthusiasm ofcollege students, guarantee their basic rights in volunteering activities and develop themanagement system of student volunteers, thereby further promote the formation of a benigncycle mechanism of college student volunteering service activities.

　　Keywords Student volunteers volunteer management incentive management

    目 录

　　第 1 章 绪 论······················································································································1

　　1.1 研究的目的和意义 ··································································································2

　　1.1.1 加强大学生志愿者管理制度建设 ·································································2

　　1.1.2 提升高等学校素质教育水平·········································································2

　　1.1.3 实现大学生的全面发展·················································································3

　　1.1.4 推进志愿服务相关政策法律的完善 ·····························································3

　　1.2 研究现状 ··················································································································4

　　1.2.1 国外研究综述 ································································································4

　　1.2.2 国内研究现状 ································································································5

　　1.3 研究内容与研究方法 ······························································································6

　　1.3.1 研究的主要内容 ····························································································6

　　1.3.2 研究创新 ········································································································7

　　1.3.3 研究方法 ········································································································7

　　第 2 章 大学生志愿者的激励性管理制度设计···································································8

　　2.1 当前管理制度下的大学生志愿者活动现状 ···························································9

　　2.1.1 当前大学生志愿者招募、注册、培训情况 ·················································9

　　2.1.2 大学生志愿者志愿活动情况······································································· 11

　　2.1.3 志愿活动后的认证和表彰··········································································· 11

　　2.2 大学生志愿者管理制度的完善·············································································12

　　2.2.1 建立统一的大学生志愿者信息管理系统 ···················································12

　　2.2.2 加强大学生志愿者的专业培训···································································13

　　2.2.3 将志愿服务纳入教学实践计划···································································13

　　2.2.4 完善大学生志愿活动认证工作···································································13

　　2.2.5 引入科学的志愿服务退出机制···································································14

　　第 3 章 大学生志愿者内部志愿精神培育·········································································15

　　3.1 当前大学生志愿精神缺失的表现·········································································15

　　3.1.1 自愿奉献精神缺乏 ······················································································15

　　3.1.2 团结友爱精神淡漠 ······················································································16

　　3.1.3 公德责任意识淡薄 ······················································································16

　　3.2 大学生志愿精神缺失的原因·················································································17

　　3.2.1 独生子女以自我为中心的成长环境 ···························································17

　　3.2.2 市场经济趋利性的负面影响·······································································17

　　3.2.3 志愿服务精神的宣传力度不够···································································17

　　3.2.4 助人为乐的美德教育内化不够···································································18

　　3.3 大学生志愿服务精神的培育途径·········································································18

　　3.3.1 开展共同协作式德育教育···········································································18

　　3.3.2 丰富大学生志愿服务表彰制度···································································19

　　3.3.3 培育健康持久的组织文化···········································································19

　　3.3.4 创新大学生志愿服务支持平台···································································20

　　第 4 章 大学生志愿者管理所处外部环境优化·································································21

　　4.1 当前大学生志愿者管理所处的外部志愿环境 ·····················································21

　　4.1.1 学校和社会的支持度不够···········································································21

　　4.1.2 没有专门的志愿者保护法···········································································22

　　4.1.3 缺乏充足的经费保障···················································································22

　　4.2 创建促进大学生志愿者事业发展的社会环境 ·····················································23

　　4.2.1 加大国家政策扶持力度···············································································23

　　4.2.2 建立健全志愿者立法工作···········································································23

　　4.2.3 给予大学生志愿活动充分的社会关注和认可 ···········································25

　　4.2.4 给予大学生志愿活动充足的资金扶持 ·······················································26

　　第 5 章 研究结论与展望····································································································27

　　5.1 研究结论 ················································································································27

　　5.2 研究展望 ················································································································27

　　参考文献································································································································28

　　致 谢····································································································································31