摘 要
自“十五规划”将城镇化发展作为国家重点战略以来，城镇化发展速度不断提高。与此同时，在普遍的人口老龄化背景下，城镇化引起的农村青年剩余劳动力向城市的大规模转移，也极大地改变了城市老龄化甚于农村的局面，使得农村人口老龄化程度逐步超过城市，成为中国老龄化问题的重灾区，尤其农村就业人口的老龄化尤为明显。人口老龄化引致的农村就业人口劳动素质下降，也极大的制约中国的新农村建设及新农村与城镇化的协调发展，成为中国建设和谐社会的重要障碍。在中国经济进入“新常态”的现实情况下，如何缩小城乡差距、推动城乡一体化发展尤为关键。而良好的人口环境或者“人口红利”无疑对于中国经济进一步发展有着极为重要的意义。城镇化进程中大量农村青年劳动力向城市转移，成为产业工人、第三产业服务人员，无疑为城镇化发展提供了新鲜血液，推动城镇化高速发展。然而，在这一过程中，由于青年劳动力大量转移，也使得本来就面临严重老龄化问题的农村雪上加霜，也在客观上阻碍了新农村建设及其与新型城镇化的协调发展。同时，大量的农村青年向城市转移，致使大量留守儿童、空巢老人问题出现，进一步加剧了老龄化引致的农村社会、经济问题，此外，中国重点农产品产区的农村就业人口老龄化也将影响中国的粮食安全问题。
因此，如何客观分析城镇化与农村就业人口老龄化的关系、阐述农村就业人口老龄化问题现状和其对新农村建设、发展的影响，并在这一基础上提出相关建议对于推动中国新型城镇化进程及新农村建设具有重要意义。本文在梳理国内外相关研究的基础上，对城镇化对农村就业人口老龄化的引致作用进行分析，并以城镇化发展速度较快的农业主产区吉林省为例，对其城镇化进程中农村就业人口老龄化现状、特点进行分析，进而利用评价指标体系对其农村就业人口老龄化程度进行评价，在分析总结其政策困境的基础上提出应对农村就业人口老龄化的政策思路、原则及对策建议。
全文共分 7 章：
第一章：导论，主要论述了本文的研究背景、目的、意义、思路及方法，并对国内外研究现状进行综述。
第二章：农村就业人口老龄化概念界定及理论基础，对本文主要概念人口老龄化、农村就业人口、农村就业人口老龄化进行界定，并对本文应用到的基础理论即新古典经济学派的人口理论、刘易斯二元经济结构理论、马尔萨斯人口理论及人力资本理论进行梳理，为全文奠定研究基础。
第三章：城镇化对农村就业人口老龄化的引致作用，分别从城镇有效需求对农村就业人口结构的影响、年龄对农村就业人口有效供给及农村就业人口老龄化对人口红利的影响等几个方面论述城镇化对农村就业人口老龄化的引致作用。
第四章：城镇化进程中农村就业人口老龄化的现状及特征--以吉林省为例，主要分析了城镇化进程中吉林省农村就业人口老龄化的地区分布、在全国农业主产区中农村就业人口老龄化程度等，进而对其特征进行分析，论述了城镇化进程中吉林省农村就业人口老龄化人口结构的变动、发展速度等。
第五章：城镇化进程中吉林省农村就业人口老龄化评价及其政策困境，通过构建评价指标体系，对吉林省及全国其他主要农业产区农村就业人口老龄化问题进行评价，进而分析城镇化进程中吉林省农村就业人口老龄化的政策困境。
第六章：城镇化进程中应对吉林省农村就业人口老龄化问题的政策思路、原则及建议，分别从政策思路、原则角度及对策建议角度对应对吉林省农村就业人口老龄化问题进行阐述，具体对策主要包括：大力发展现代农业，降低吉林省对农村就业人口依赖性；推动以小城镇为代表的新型城镇化建设，发挥小城镇“亚核心”作用；发展农业园区，推动城乡一体化发展；提高农村就业人口劳动素质，鼓励青年老人继续工作等。
第七章：结论关键词：
农村就业人口，老龄化，城镇化，吉林省
Abstract
Since the “fifteen plan” took urbanization as a key national strategy, thedevelopment speed of urbanization has been increasing. At the same time, under thebackground of general population aging, urbanization causing the young rural transferto the cities, which has greatly made the rural population aging degree gradually overthe city to become China's most ageing areas, especially on rural employment aspects.
the decline in the rural labor employment quality which caused by the populationaging, greatly restrict China's new countryside construction and the coordinateddevelopment of the new countryside and urbanization, become an obstacle to China'sbuilding a harmonious society. In the Chinese “New Normal” status, how to narrowthe gap between urban and rural, and how to promote the development of urban andrural integration is a particularly critical question. And the good populationenvironment or “demographic dividend” undoubtedly is one of extremely importantsignificances for the further development of Chinese economy. A large number ofyoung rural labor forces transferred to cities, and then became industrial workers,service personnel which undoubtedly provided fresh blood for the development ofurbanization, and promoted the rapid development of urbanization. In this process,however, a large number of young labor force transferred that makes the rural areaswhich has already faced serious aging problem harder. That also objectively hinderedthe new rural construction and the coordinated development of the new type ofurbanization. At the same time, a large number of rural youth to cities caused a largenumber of left-behind children and empty nester problem, further advanced ruralsocial and economic problems. In addition, China's agricultural production areasinfluenced by rural employment population aging, that will also affect China's foodsecurity.
Therefore, it is of great significance that to analyze the relationship among theaging of the population, urbanization and rural employment status of ruralemployment population ageing and its influence on new rural construction,development, and then based on this to put forward relevant Suggestions forpromoting China's new urbanization and new rural construction. In this paper, on thebasis of combing the domestic and foreign related research, the aging of thepopulation cause to the urbanization of rural employment effect is analyzed, and theurbanization development speed faster agricultural heartland of Jilin province as anexample, the urbanization process of rural employment population aging status,characteristics were analyzed, and then the evaluation index system to evaluate theaging population of the rural employment, on the analysis of the response is proposedon the basis of summarizing the policy dilemma rural employment the aging of thepopulation policy ideas, principles and countermeasures.
The full text is divided into seven chapters:
Chapter 1: introduction, mainly discussed the paper's research background,purpose, significance, thinking and method, and the research status at home andabroad.
Chapter 2: the definition and theoretical basis, which includes the definitionof rural employment, population ageing, and population ageing of rural employment.
And the main concepts for this article were new classical economics theory ondemographics, Lewis dual economic structure theory, etc.
Chapter 3: the influence from urbanization to rural employment aging, whichanalyzed the rural employment on the sight of supply and demand.
Chapter 4: rural employment present situation and characteristics of populationaging in the process of urbanization- taking Jilin province as an example, whichanalyzed the urbanization process of the aging of the population distribution in Jilinprovince, and then analyzes its characteristics. This paper discusses the urbanizationin Jilin province rural employment population ageing population changes in thestructure, development speed, etc.
Chapter 5: evaluation and policy dilemmas of Jilin province rural employmentpopulation aging in the process of urbanization, which analyzed by building theevaluation index system, the other major agricultural region of Jilin province and thenational rural employment population ageing evaluation, and analysis of the aging ofthe population in Jilin province rural employment policy in urbanization.
Chapter 6: policy ideas, principles and recommendations for Jilin province ruralemployment population ageing problem in the process of urbanization, which toprovide policy ideas, principles and countermeasures to cope with Jilin province ruralemployment population ageing and concrete countermeasures include: vigorouslydevelop modern agriculture and to reduce Jilin province rural employment populationdependence; Promote represented by small towns of new urbanization construction,give play to the role of small towns “sub-core”; Developing agricultural park, promotethe development of urban and rural integration; Improve the quality of rural laboremployment population and encourage youth old people continue to work, etc.
Chapter 7: Conclusions.
Key words:Rural Employment, Ageing, Urbanization, Jilin province
目 录
第 1 章 导论
1.1 选题背景
1.2 选题目的及意义
1.2.1 选题目的
1.2.2 选题意义
1.3 国内外研究现状
1.3.1 国外研究现状
1.3.2 国内研究现状
1.3.3 国内外研究述评
1.4 研究方法及技术路线
1.4.1 研究方法
1.4.2 技术路线
1.5 论文主要创新点
第 2 章 农村就业人口老龄化概念界定及理论基础
2.1 农村就业人口老龄化相关概念界定
2.1.1 人口老龄化
2.1.2 农村就业人口
2.1.3 农村就业人口老龄化
2.2 基础理论
2.2.1 古典经济学派人口理论
2.2.2 马尔萨斯人口理论
2.2.3 刘易斯二元经济结构理论
2.2.4 人力资本理论
第 3 章 城镇化对农村就业人口老龄化的引致作用
3.1 城镇劳动力有效需求对农村就业人口老龄化的影响
3.1.1 劳动力有效需求对转移农民岗位的影响
3.1.2 岗位需求对农村转移就业人口结构的影响
3.2 农村劳动力转移对农村就业人口老龄化的影响
3.2.1 年龄对农村劳动力转移倾向的影响
3.2.2 青年农村劳动力转移对农村就业人口结构的影响
3.2.3 农村就业人口老龄化对人口红利的影响
第 4 章 城镇化进程中农村就业人口老龄化现状及特征分析--以吉林省为例
4.1 吉林省农村就业人口老龄化现状
4.1.1 吉林省农村就业人口老龄化整体空间分布情况
4.1.2 吉林省农村就业人口老龄化在全国农业产区中所处位置
4.2 城镇化进程中吉林省农村就业人口老龄化特征分析
4.2.1 吉林省农村就业人口结构变动极为明显
4.2.2 农村就业人口老龄化速度极快
4.2.3 吉林省农村就业人口“未富先老”
4.2.4 农村就业人口老龄化对吉林省影响较大
第 5 章 城镇化进程中吉林省农村就业人口老龄化评价及其政策困境
5.1 城镇化进程中吉林省农村就业人口老龄化评价
5.1.1 评价指标选取
5.1.2 权重确定
5.1.3 数据处理
5.1.4 评价结果分析
5.2 城镇化进程中吉林省农村就业人口老龄化政策困境
5.2.1 各地区农村就业人口老龄化程度差异较大，造成政策制定困境
5.2.2 城镇化与吉林省农村就业人口老龄化关系密切，政策协调困难
5.2.3 生育政策调整困境
第 6 章 城镇化进程中应对吉林省农村就业人口老龄化问题的政策思路、原则及建议
6.1 应对吉林省农村就业人口老龄化问题的政策思路及原则
6.1.1 应对吉林省农村就业人口老龄化问题的政策思路
6.1.2 应对吉林省农村就业人口老龄化问题的原则
6.2 应对吉林省农村就业人口老龄化问题的建议
6.2.1 大力发展现代农业，降低吉林省对农村就业人口依赖性
6.2.2 推动以小城镇为代表的新型城镇化建设，发挥小城镇“亚核心”作用
6.2.3 发展农业园区，推动城乡一体化发展
6.2.4 提高农村就业人口劳动素质，鼓励青年老人继续工作
结 论
参考文献
致 谢
