中美双边投资协定下国民待遇问题研究

　　摘要

　　目前中国与美国正在进行双边投资协定的谈判。本文从四个方面研宄谈判中的中美双边投资条约国民待遇原则问题。首先研宄谈判过程中遇到的分歧，包括一般分歧与主要分歧。一般分歧主要是关于如何定义投资与投资者，通过对比美国2004年与2012年范本中的定义来与我国2015年1月商务部公布的《外国投资法（草案征求意见稿）》中提出的定义进行分析。对其中的业绩要求美方提出在很多领域给予业绩要求，而中方以前不愿意做出业绩要求的规定，但是最近几次和他国签订的双边、多边协定中也在某些特定领域给予了业绩要求的规定。同时提高了劳工与环境保护标准，这也是在签订协定过程中双方争执的一般分歧，并完善了投资者与东道国争端解决机制的途径。其次就是研究主要分歧，包括外资准入与国民待遇。通过对外资准入前国民待遇进行利弊分析，再与我国此前一直采用的准入后国民待遇进行比较，分析准入前国民待遇和准入后国民待遇在我国经济发展过程中所带来的影响。第三部分从外资运营与国民待遇的角度，分析司法行政救济方面的国民待遇、民事权益保护方面的国民待遇和宏观管理方面的国民待遇。最后探讨负面清单与国民待遇。首先研究负面清单为基础的准入前国民待遇，并在此基础上寻找资本输入国与输出国的利益平衡，最后探讨中美双边投资条约的达成将会产生的影响，分析其将对我国国民经济产生的冲击。本文重点主要是研宄准入前国民待遇与负面清单问题，这是中美双边投资协定达成的关键问题，也是双方的主要分歧。

　　关键词：中美双边投资协定，外资准入，准入前国民待遇，负面清单

　　Abstract

　　Bilateral investment treaties is currently in bilateral investment between China and the UnitedStates want to achieve a text. Although decided to sign the text from the start, after nearly 10 yearsup to now. The two sides has made a lot of negotiation and compromise. This paper is from fouraspects. First of all, from the differences of encountered in the process of negotiation. Differences aredivided into general differences and special differences. General differences is mainly about how todefine the investment and investors. By comparing the United States in 2004 and 2012 model of thedefinition and released in January 2015,the ministry of commerce in China foreign investment lawdraft analysis put forward the definition of the draft. Performance requirements for which the requestin many areas to give performance. But we don't want to put forward before performancerequirements of regulations. But in recent times and in the other countries' bilateral and multilateralagreements signed also gave the performance requirements of regulations in a particular field. At thesame time improve the labor and environmental protection standards, this also is in the process ofsigning the confrontation of differences in general. To improve the approaches of dispute settlementmechanism of the investors and the host country. Next to foreign investment access and nationaltreatment. Admittance of foreign capital based on the national treatment before analyzing the prosand cons, and then from the previous national treatment after our country has been used in access tocompare and analysis before access to national treatment and access to national treatment on theimpact of China's economic development process. The third part from foreign capital operation andthe relationship between national treatment and cuts. From three aspects to research, analysis of thejudicial administrative remedy of national treatment, civil rights and interests protection of nationaltreatment, finally from the macro management of national treatment for research. Through thesethree aspects to the foreign operation stages to what level of national treatment in our country have toknow. The last aspect is the same national treatment is as important as the negative list. Around thenegative list with the national treatment is discussed First introduces negative listing based accessbefore the national treatment, and on this basis for capital importer and exporter of their owninterests balance,finally discusses the agreed on bilateral investment treaty will produce what kindof impact, so as to analyze the bilateral investment treaty agreed upon will have what impact on ourcountry's national economy. The focus of this article is mainly on the study of national treatment andnegative list before access problem, because these two aspects is the key to the bilateral investmentagreements reached the problem, is also the main differences between the two sides.

　　KEY WORDS: U.S.-China bilateral investment treaty, market access, before access to nationaltreatment, negative list
 

　　目录

　　引言

　　1中美双边投资条约谈判的一般分歧

　　1.1关于投资与投资者的定义

　　1.2业绩要求

　　1.3劳工与环境保护标准

　　1.4投资者与东道国争端解决机制

　　2外资准入与国民待遇原则

　　2.1外资准入前国民待遇

　　2.2外资准入后国民待遇

　　3外资运营与国民待遇

　　3.1司法行政救济方面的国民待遇

　　3.2民事权益保护方面的国民待遇

　　3.3宏观管理方面的国民待遇

　　4负面清单与国民待遇

　　4.1负面清单为基础的准入前国民待遇

　　4.2资本输入国与资本输出国间的利益平衡

　　结论

　　参考文献

　　致谢