小学新生学习习惯问题与养成路径

　　摘 要

　　习惯对于一个人的性格的养成，乃至在此后整个人生道路上的发展都起着至关重要的作用，而习惯一旦养成，就会像人的天性一样根深蒂固，难以改变，学习习惯亦如此。

　　小学是义务教育的初级阶段，也是养成良好学习习惯关键时期，因此在小学新生入学之初，就应特别注重其良好学习习惯的养成，只有这样才能在入学之初激发小学生的学习兴趣，提高其学习效率。良好的学习习惯是习得知识、锻炼能力、发展智力的前提条件，不仅对学生当前的学习状况有影响，对学生今后的发展也会产生一定的影响。

　　本文旨在从小学一年级新生的心理特点、学习特点及其已有的学习习惯出发，结合国内外现有的研究成果，依据笔者在实际教学中的现实状况，探究小学新生学习习惯中存在的问题。通过研究发现，小学入学新生在学习习惯养成方面存在着注意力不集中、缺乏认真倾听的习惯、缺乏边读边思考的习惯、缺乏认真作业的习惯、缺乏学习的内在动力等问题。然后从家庭、学校、社会、自身等四个方面深入分析这些问题形成的原因，力求从问题和原因着手，促进小学一年级学生良好学习习惯的养成。

　　在研究过程中，通过对问题和原因的深入分析，结合笔者的工作实践，探索出在自主读书、善于思考、资料搜集、学会倾听、敢于提问、认真书写、动手操作、自评互评、与人合作、作业完成等方面培养小学一年级学生良好学习习惯的策略。小学一年级学生刚刚踏入学校，各项能力发展尚不成熟，在这些方面仍需要教师的引导，只有这样，才能形成良好学习习惯，促进学生的终身、全面发展。通过对策略的研究，希望对小学一年级学生良好学习习惯的培养有所启示，通过良好习惯的培养，促进学生的长远发展。

　　关键词：小学新生，学习习惯，培养策略

　　Abstract

　　Habit plays an important role in the formation of one's characteristics, and even thedevelopment ofa person's whole life. And once one's habit has been formed, it becomes a partof people's characteristics and it's hard to change just like one's nature. People's learninghabit also has those characters. Primary education is the beginning of compulsory educationand it is also the key period in developing a good learning habit. Therefore, at the beginningof the freshmen entering the primary school, both teachers and parents should pay specialattention to their development of a good study habit. Because only in this way can westimulate those pupils' interest in learning and improve their lea rning efficiency. Goodlearning habits are prerequisites for improving their ability in learning new knowledge,dealing with new things as well as developing their intelligence. The formation of a goodlearning habit has an important impact on not only the current status of students learning butalso the future development of those students.

　　This paper was wrote on the basis of the psychological characteristics of those first gradestudents, their learning characteristics and also their existing study habits. It also takes thewriter a lot of time in learning those existing study results in both domestic and abroad.

　　According to the reality of actual teaching that the author has taken part in, the writer hasdiscovered some problems in those first grade pupils' learning habits. Through the study thewriter found that those primary freshmen has many problems in terms of learning habits, suchas they can't concentrate on what they are doing, they have not formed the habit of listeningcarefully, they did not have the habit of thinking while the are reading, and they also didn'tobserve the intrinsic motivation in learning, etc. Then the writer analyzed the reasons whythose students haven't formed a good learning habit from the four aspects suchas their family,the school, the society as well as those students themselves. So as to promote the formation ofgood learning habits in them. During the study, through in-depth analysis of the problems inthose student's learning habits and the causes of them, combined with the author's workpractice, the writer has discovered some strategies in developing good learning habits in thosestudents. Those strategies include independent reading, good thinking, data collection,learning to listen, the encouragement of asking questions, carefully writing, self operatingself-assessment and peer assessment, cooperation with others as well as the cultivation offinishing their own job. First grade students had just entered the school, so the capacitydeveloping good learning habits has not yet been mature, and in these areas, they still need tobe guided by teachers. Only in this way can those students form good learning habits andimprove their interest in those pupils' whole-life studying. Through the study of thosestrategies, the writer aimed at giving some inspiration in the formation of good learning habitsand through the cultivation of good habits, can we promote the long-term development ofthese students.

　　Key Words:First grade students; Learning habit; Developstrategies
 

　　目 录

　　摘 要 …… i

　　Abstract …… ii

　　目 录 …… IV

　　第一章 引言 …… 6

　　1.1 研究缘起 ……6

　　1.1.1 信息化时代背景下课程改革的需要 ……6

　　1.1.2 学习习惯养成关键期的需要 ……6

　　1.1.3 已有研究的不足之处 ……6

　　1.2 研究现状 ……6

　　1.2.1 国内研究现状 ……6

　　1.2.2 国外研究现状 ……7

　　1.2.3 研究意义 ……8

　　1.3 研究对象和研究方法 ……8

　　1.3.1 研究对象 ……8

　　1.3.2 研究方法 ……9

　　第二章 研究的理论基础…… 11

　　2.1 概念界定 ……11

　　2.1.1 习惯 ……11

　　2.1.2 学习习惯 ……11

　　2.1.3 小学生学习习惯 ……11

　　2.2 理论基础 ……12

　　2.2.1 操作性条件反射理论 ……12

　　2.2.2 关键期理论 ……12

　　第三章 小学新生学习习惯存在的问题及原因…… 13

　　3.1 存在问题 ……13

　　3.1.1 注意力不集中 ……13

　　3.1.2 缺乏认真倾听的习惯 ……13

　　3.1.3 缺乏边读边思考的习惯 ……13

　　3.1.4 缺乏认真作业的习惯 ……14

　　3.1.5 缺乏学习的内在动力 ……14

　　3.2 分析原因 ……14

　　3.2.1 家庭原因 ……14

　　3.2.2 学校原因 ……14

　　3.2.3 社会原因 ……15

　　3.2.4 学生自身原因 ……15

　　第四章 小学新生良好学习习惯的养成策略…… 16

　　4.1 自主读书 ……16

　　4.2 善于思考 ……16

　　4.2.1 找准切入点，激发学生的学习兴趣 ……17

　　4.2.2 设置游戏情境，让学生在游戏中学习 ……17

　　4.3 资料搜集 ……17

　　4.3.1 引导学生了解搜集信息的用途 ……17

　　4.3.2 培养学生处理与运用信息的能力 ……18

　　4.4 学会倾听 ……18

　　4.4.1 倾听的重要性 ……18

　　4.4.2 集中注意力的重要性 ……19

　　4.5 敢于提问 ……20

　　4.5.1 尊重学生，让他们敢于提问 ……20

　　4.5.2 训练学生，让他们勤于提问 ……20

　　4.5.3 激励学生，让他们乐于提问 ……21

　　4.6 认真书写 ……22

　　4.6.1 积极发挥教师的示范作用 ……22

　　4.6.2 加强提高学生书写功底的训练 ……22

　　4.6.3 贵在坚持 ……22

　　4.7 动手操作 ……22

　　4.7.1 把握时机 ……23

　　4.7.2 加强反思 ……23

　　4.8 自评互评 ……23

　　4.8.1 加强对小学入学新生自评能力的培养 ……23

　　4.8.2 教师要为学生的自我评价创造环境 ……24

　　4.8.3 加强对小学入学新生互评能力的培养 ……24

　　4.9 与人合作 ……24

　　4.9.1 学会欣赏他人 ……25

　　4.9.2 学会理解和沟通 ……25

　　4.9.3 学会分享 ……25

　　4.10 作业完成 ……25

　　结语 …… 27

　　参考文献 …… 28

　　致 谢 …… 30