辩护律师调查取证问题探究

　　摘要

　　辩护权是宪法赋予公民的基本权利。律师的辩护权是法律赋予律师刑事诉讼中为被追诉人提供法律帮助一项权利，作为其核心权力的的调查取证权是辩护律师了解案件相关信息和获得证据的重要途径。调查取证权能否实现决定着辩护律师能否有效辩护，犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人权能否得到保障。

　　我国现行《刑事诉讼法》及《律师法》规定了律师的调查取证权，但由于相关法律规定的缺位、缺乏有力的制度保障、被调查对象的不配合、加之刑法中达摩克利斯之剑的威慑，辩护律师调查取证情况并不乐观。

　　本文共计约贰万余字，分为六部分。引言部分简要介绍了本文的理论前提、写作目的，阐释了律师辩护制度在国家完整法制体系中的重要性。第一部分析辩护律师调查取证权基本理论，包括概念、性质、必要性等。结合司法实践中辩护律师常用的调查手段，本文从最为宽泛的角度理解调查取证权并对阅卷制度，会见权等加以论述；第二部分将两大法系国家对辩护律师调查取证权制度的比较研究，其中以英美法系和大陆法系德国为例简要总结介绍其特点；第三部分析我国调查取证制度法律规定；第四部采用实证分析等方法分析司法实践中的案例，对已发表着述及论文中调查问卷数据总结、论述，意在全面体现调查取证权现状；第五部分分析问题原因，第六部分提出了我国刑事诉讼律师调查取证权制度重构建议。比较以往的文献，笔者根据亲身经历写出了一些细节问题：提出了侦査阶段给予辩护律师调查取证权、辩护律师行业准入制度、提出试点证据展示制度等，并且对其具体的措施初步探讨。

　　关键词：辩护律师辩护权调查取证权 证据展示

　　ABSTRACT

　　Right to defense is a fundamental constitutional right of citizens. Right to counsel is a lawyer incriminal proceedings under the law to provide legal assistance to the prosecution of a right person,the right to investigate and collect evidence as its core power is an important way to understand thecase of defense counsel to obtain relevant information and evidence, and this right can be achieveddetermine whether an effective defense counsel, the suspect accused of human rights can beguaranteed.

　　China's current “Code of Criminal Procedure” and “Lawyers Law” stipulates that the right to counselsome investigation, but because of the absence of relevant laws and regulations, the lack of stronginstitutional support,and the survey does not fit,coupled with criminal law Dharma ClevelandAdams Sword deterrence,defense lawyers investigation situation is not optimistic.

　　In this paper, a total of about II thousand words, is divided into six parts. Introduction sectionbriefly describes the theoretical premise of this article, the purpose of writing, explain the importanceof the lawyer to defend national integrity system in the legal system. The first analysis of the right tocounsel investigation basic theory,including the concept,the nature of necessity, combined withjudicial practice commonly used means of investigation defense attorneys, this article from theperspective of understanding the most broad investigation right and scoring system, such as the rightto be met discussed; the second part of the comparative study of two legal counsel investigationcountries right system, with common law and civil law, for example, Germany introduced a briefsummary of its characteristics; third part analyzes the status quo of China's legal system constraintsinvestigation ; fourth empirical analysis using the method of analysis of judicial practice cases andwritings have been published and discussed in the paper questionnaire data summary is intended toreflect the current situation in a comprehensive investigation right; fifth part cause of the problem,part of the sixth part in the five proposed the institutional reconstruction of the recommendations ofthe Criminal Investigation Power lawyer. Comparison of the previous literature, the author based onpersonal experience to write some of the details. Proposed investigation stage to give defenselawyers the right to investigate and collect evidence, defense counsel industry access system,presented evidence to show the pilot system,etc.,and explore its concrete measures.

　　KEYWORDS: defense attorney investigatiomnarking the right criminal defense open evidence
 

　　目录

　　引言

　　1辩护律师调查取证权的基本理论

　　1.1辩护律师调查取证权的基本概念

　　1.2调查取证法理依据

　　1.3调查取证权的必要性

　　2-辩护律师调查取证权制度的比较研究

　　2.1外国的辩护律师调查取证权的产生和发展

　　2. 1. 1英美法系国家

　　2.1.2大陆法系国家

　　2.2我国辩护律师调查取证权的发展的启示

　　3.我国调查取证制度法律规定

　　3.1调查取证权的主要法律依据

　　3.2会见权和阅卷权法律规定

　　3. 3侦查阶段调查取证权法律规定

　　3.4申请调查取证权法律规定

　　4.我国律师调查取证实践

　　4.1自行调查取证

　　4.2申请调查取证

　　4.3会见

　　4. 4阅卷

　　4.5辩方证据展示义务

　　5.调查取证难原因分析

　　5.1文化传统和诉讼文化意识

　　5. 2我国公检法的关系

　　5.2.1法律定位

　　5. 2. 2检察院的法律监督权

　　5. 2. 3错案追究制度和国家赔偿制度

　　5. 3律师自身问题

　　6.辩护律师调查取证制度构想

　　6. 1提高辩护律师素质及地位

　　6. 1.1设立辩护业务准人制度、加强惩戒

　　6.1. 2加强法律职业共同体建设

　　6. 2侦查阶段给予有限度的调查取证权

　　6. 3建立证据展示制度

　　6. 4立法细化辩护律师调查取证权行为准则

　　6. 5建立新的法律监督机构

　　结论

　　参考文献

　　致谢